The Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers are considered to be prominent candidates for the cooling of high-temperature superconducting magnets, liquefaction of permanent gases, helium recondensation in magnetic resonance imaging machines, cooling of superconducting quantum interference device, etc. In this paper, multi-dimensional numerical simulation is performed to visualize the oscillating heat and fluid flow processes that happen in a mechanically driven GM cryocooler. Influence of the ideal gas equation and real gas equation of states on the cooling behaviour is explained. The minimum achievable refrigeration temperature of a uniform mesh regenerator is compared with a multi-mesh regenerator. It is noticed that a multi-mesh regenerator produces a lower refrigeration temperature as compared to a uniform mesh regenerator. In addition to this, a one-dimensional simulation is conducted and results are compared with multi-dimensional numerical simulation. The no-load temperature value calculated by the one-dimensional model and multi-dimensional model with ideal gas is lower than that of real gas equations. Additionally, the refrigerating capacity calculated by the one-dimensional model and multi-dimensional model with the ideal gas equation is higher than those of the real gas equation of state.

中文翻译：

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Gifford-McMahon 制冷机热力学和振荡气体流动过程的多维数值模拟

吉福德-麦克马洪制冷机被认为是高温超导磁体冷却、永久气体液化、磁共振成像机中氦气再凝结、超导量子干涉装置冷却等领域的重要候选者。进行数值模拟以可视化机械驱动 GM 制冷机中发生的振荡热量和流体流动过程。解释了理想气体方程和实际气体状态方程对冷却行为的影响。将均匀网状再生器与多网状再生器的最低可实现制冷温度进行比较。值得注意的是，与均匀网状再生器相比，多网状再生器产生较低的制冷温度。除此之外，还进行一维模拟，并将结果与​​多维数值模拟进行比较。采用理想气体的一维模型和多维模型计算的空载温度值均低于真实气体方程的空载温度值。另外，采用理想气体方程的一维模型和多维模型计算的制冷量均高于真实气体状态方程的制冷量。