In this study, bio-based L-arginine (Arg) and phosphite were selected as raw materials and used to modify magnesium hydroxide, generating an intermediate (APM) that was reacted with melamine (MEL) to produce a curing agent (APM-MEL) with flame retardant properties. A flame retardant epoxy resin (EP) was prepared in a curing reaction by adding APM-MEL and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to the epoxy prepolymer in varying amounts (wt%). The chemical structure and surface morphology of APM-MEL have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), the UL-94 vertical combustion test, use of the limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry and bending tests. The results have revealed that the epoxy resin prepared from the addition of 5% APM-MEL and 15% APP achieved a UL-94 V-0 level with a LOI of 30.8%. Compared with pure EP, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate and total smoke production of the samples were reduced by 85.68%, 53.15%, 85.86% and 62.05%, respectively. The flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved by 117.3% and 130.5%, respectively. The bio-based functionalized magnesium hydroxide curing agent prepared in this study exhibits excellent flame retardant and mechanical properties, effectively reducing fire risk and can serve as the basis for the development of multifunctional curing agents.

本研究选择生物基L-精氨酸（Arg）和亚磷酸盐为原料，对氢氧化镁进行改性，生成中间体（APM），再与三聚氰胺（MEL）反应生成固化剂（APM-MEL） ）具有阻燃性能。通过将不同量（wt%）的 APM-MEL 和聚磷酸铵（APP）添加到环氧预聚物中，通过固化反应制备阻燃环氧树脂（EP）。APM-MEL 的化学结构和表面形貌已通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 和 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 进行了表征。通过热重分析（TG）、UL-94垂直燃烧测试、极限氧指数（LOI）、锥形量热法和弯曲测试来评估热稳定性、阻燃性和机械性能。结果表明，添加5% APM-MEL和15% APP制备的环氧树脂达到了UL-94 V-0级别，LOI为30.8%。与纯EP相比，样品的峰值放热率、总放热量、产烟率和总产烟量分别降低了85.68%、53.15%、85.86%和62.05%。弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了117.3%和130.5%。本研究制备的生物基功能化氢氧化镁固化剂表现出优异的阻燃性能和机械性能，有效降低火灾风险，可以作为多功能固化剂开发的基础。