We have synthesized copper phosphate-protein hybrid heterostructure nanoflowers (Cu(II)-HNFs) in situ on nickel foam for the first time. The interaction between protein and copper ions facilitated the nucleation growth of copper phosphate crystals and self-assembly of hybrid nanosheets into exquisite flower-like nanostructures. The unique high-specific surface structure of Cu(II)-HNFs provided high-density catalytically active sites for copper phosphate. Also, the direct growth of Cu(II)-HNFs on the NiF surface enhanced the electron transfer efficiency during catalysis. As a result, Cu(II)-HNFs exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic efficacy in glucose sensing. Including wide linear range of 0.1-3000 μM, high sensitivity of 2497.1 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻², ultra-low detection limit of 0.03 μM, good selectivity, and stability. Moreover, Cu(II)-HNFs@NiF has been validated as a reliable tool for detecting glucose in urine samples, with recoveries ranging from 92.9 % to 101.9 %. These findings demonstrate that the developed Cu(II)-HNFs@NiF has immense potential for non-invasive glucose monitoring through body fluids.

我们首次在泡沫镍上原位合成了磷酸铜-蛋白质杂化异质结构纳米花（Cu(II)-HNFs） 。蛋白质和铜离子之间的相互作用促进了磷酸铜晶体的成核生长和杂化纳米片的自组装成精致的花状纳米结构。Cu(II)-HNF 独特的高比表面结构为磷酸铜提供了高密度的催化活性位点。此外，Cu(II)-HNF 在 NiF 表面上的直接生长提高了催化过程中的电子转移效率。因此，Cu(II)-HNF 在葡萄糖传感中表现出优异的电催化功效。^{包括0.1-3000 μM的宽线性范围、2497.1 μA mM -1} cm ^-2的高灵敏度、0.03 μM的超低检测限、良好的选择性和稳定性。此外，Cu(II)-HNFs@NiF 已被验证为检测尿液样本中葡萄糖的可靠工具，回收率范围为 92.9% 至 101.9%。这些发现表明，所开发的 Cu(II)-HNFs@NiF 在通过体液进行无创血糖监测方面具有巨大潜力。