<br>生态位划分和存储效应促进两栖动物群落的共存,Ecology and Evolution

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生态位划分和存储效应促进两栖动物群落的共存
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10629
George C Brooks ₁ , Nicholas M Caruso ₁ , Houston C Chandler _{1,

2} , Carola A Haas ₁

Affiliation

事实上，所有自然群落组合都由少数常见物种主导。优势物种可以通过竞争排斥对生物多样性产生负面影响，因此有强烈的动机去了解群落组成的不平衡、优势层次随时间的变化以及共存机制。利用短暂湿地的池塘养殖两栖动物为评估随机环境中群落组成的理论预测提供了绝佳的机会。池塘养殖两栖动物最显着的特征之一是多年来丰度的显着随机波动。鉴于均匀度和生物量之间强大的理论和经验联系，人们预计群落均匀度每年都会发生变化。此外，如果不同的物种表现出不同的繁荣和萧条繁殖周期，那么储存效应可能有助于解释为什么一个物种没有在竞争中胜过所有其他物种。在这里，我们探索了佛罗里达州埃格林空军基地两个短暂湿地的生物和非生物条件之间的相互作用，以塑造两栖动物群落。我们在 6 年的监测中记录了一致的群落组成，这是由于缺乏物种更替以及所有群落成员对环境条件的相似反应造成的。物种的相似动态反对将储存效应作为共存的唯一机制，而是指出生态位划分是一个更重要的因素。为了支持这一结论，我们表明繁殖迁移的同步程度仅与物种内的环境条件相关，而不与物种之间的环境条件相关。物种之间缺乏模式意味着个体在繁殖迁徙的时间上受到一定限制，部分原因可能是与其他群落成员的竞争。我们希望我们的工作能够重新激发人们对两栖动物群落的兴趣，并强调短暂湿地作为研究随机环境中群落动态的模型系统。

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Niche partitioning and the storage effect facilitate coexistence in an amphibian community

Virtually all natural community assemblages are dominated by a handful of common species. Dominant species can exert negative impacts on biodiversity through competitive exclusion, and thus there is a strong incentive to understand imbalances in community composition, changes in dominance hierarchies through time, and mechanisms of coexistence. Pond-breeding amphibians that utilize ephemeral wetlands provide an excellent opportunity to evaluate theoretical predictions of community composition in stochastic environments. One of the most striking features of pond-breeding amphibians is the marked stochastic fluctuations in abundance across years. Given strong theoretical and empirical links between evenness and biomass, one would expect community evenness to change from year to year. Moreover, if different species exhibit different boom-and-bust reproductive cycles, then a storage effect may help to explain why one species does not outcompete all others. Here, we explore the interplay between biotic and abiotic conditions in shaping amphibian communities at two ephemeral wetlands on Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. We document consistent community composition over 6 years of monitoring, resulting from a lack of species turnover and similar responses of all community members to environmental conditions. The similar dynamics of species argues against a storage effect as the sole mechanism for coexistence and instead points to niche partitioning as a more important factor. In support of this conclusion, we show that the degree of synchrony in breeding migrations only correlates with environmental conditions within species, not between species. The lack of pattern seen between species implies that individuals are somewhat constrained in the timing of breeding migrations, perhaps owing in part to competition with other community members. We hope that our work reinvigorates interest in amphibian communities and highlights ephemeral wetlands as model systems to study community dynamics in stochastic environments.

更新日期：2023-10-19

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