Extramural exposure, through activities such as watching TV, gaming, networking, and online reading, has become an important source of vocabulary acquisition in English as a foreign language, particularly when learners’ first language (L1) has many cognates with English. Our study examined extramural vocabulary acquisition of 10th-grade L1 speakers of noncognate languages over one school year and explored the effects of digital activities and initial lexical knowledge of the participants on their vocabulary gains. Learners reported the amount of digital activity, took a vocabulary pretest, and kept vocabulary diaries where they recorded, on a weekly basis, the new words they encountered. At the end of the study, each student took a personalized test that included all the words recorded in their personal diary. The results indicate that (a) all learners gained some out-of-school word knowledge, (b) students with better initial vocabulary knowledge gained more words, and (c) the initial knowledge contributed to out-of-school learning more than the amount of digital activity.

中文翻译：

---

课外二语词汇习得：数字活动和学校词汇的影响

通过看电视、游戏、网络和在线阅读等活动进行的校外接触已成为英语作为外语习得词汇的重要来源，特别是当学习者的第一语言（L1）与英语有许多同源语时。我们的研究考察了非同源语言的 10 年级 L1 使用者在一学年的校外词汇习得情况，并探讨了数字活动和参与者的初始词汇知识对其词汇量增益的影响。学习者报告数字活动的数量，进行词汇预测试，并每周记录他们遇到的新单词。研究结束时，每个学生都进行了个性化测试，其中包括他们个人日记中记录的所有单词。结果表明，（a）所有学习者都获得了一些校外单词知识，（b）初始词汇知识较好的学生获得了更多单词，（c）初始知识对校外学习的贡献大于数字活动量。