In the reaction of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 2,4-diaminotoluene (TDA), Au/CeO₂ exhibits higher selectivity than CeO₂ for dimethyl toluene-2,4-dicarbamate (TDC). However, its catalytic activity drops after H₂ reduction (denoted as Au/CeO₂-R). The characterization results illustrate that Au exists as a single atom with the primary species as Au^δ+ in Au/CeO₂, forming Ce_xAu_1−xO₂ structure similar to solid solution. Whereas for Au/CeO₂-R catalyst, Au mainly exists as Au⁰, forming the Au-O-Ce structure on CeO₂ surface. Significantly, the strong interaction between Au and CeO₂ increases Ce³⁺ and oxygen vacancies content, as well as modulates their acidic property. However, the catalytic activity of Au/CeO₂-R is found to be lower than Au/CeO₂ as the species formed by DMC dissociation on its surface are not easily desorbed. Other transition metals supported on CeO₂ are also prepared, wherein Pt/CeO₂ and Pd/CeO₂ exhibit good TDC selectivity. In the end, the electronegativity and catalytic activity of metals are correlated.

在碳酸二甲酯(DMC)和2,4-二氨基甲苯(TDA)的反应中，Au/CeO ₂对甲苯-2,4-二氨基甲酸二甲酯(TDC)表现出比CeO _{2更高的选择性。然而，H 2}还原后其催化活性下降（表示为Au/CeO ₂ -R）。表征结果表明，Au在Au/CeO ₂中以单原子形式存在，主要形态为Au ^δ+，形成类似固溶体的C _x Au _1−x O _2结构。而对于Au/CeO ₂ -R催化剂，Au主要以Au ^{0 的形式存在，在CeO} ₂表面形成Au-O-Ce结构。_{值得注意的是，Au 和 CeO 2}之间的强相互作用增加了 Ce ³⁺和氧空位含量，并调节了它们的酸性。_{然而，发现Au/CeO 2} -R的催化活性低于Au/CeO ₂，​​因为DMC在其表面解离形成的物质不易解吸。还制备了负载在CeO ₂上的其他过渡金属，其中Pt/CeO ₂和Pd/CeO ₂表现出良好的TDC选择性。最后，金属的电负性和催化活性是相关的。