Lake Urmia, once the second-largest saline lake worldwide, has almost dried. Several studies have provided bathymetric maps for the lake using different data and techniques but rarely identified the associated uncertainties. This paper provides a comprehensive review of Lake Urmia bathymetric studies and discusses the underlying uncertainties. We developed an updated hybrid bathymetry and hypsometric relationships for Lake Urmia using in-situ and satellite data. The proposed hybrid bathymetry was validated against independent in-situ depth data (with an RMSE < 20 cm) and applied as a baseline for comparison with other available bathymetry models. Results revealed that uncertainties in lake depth measurement, water delineation algorithms from satellite data, spatial interpolation method, and sensor resolution have the highest uncertainty, respectively. Furthermore, the width of the uncertainty bands in the lake level-area relationships is not uniform and peaks at lake levels between 1270 and 1272 m, which are critical for conserving crucial ecosystem services of Lake Urmia, such as island conservation and dust control. Our synthesis indicated that the application of various Lake Urmia bathymetries could lead to about 0.5 and 1 km³ differences in the estimated lake volumes for obtaining the ecological and dust control levels, respectively. Our findings provide useful insights for Lake Urmia managers, also applicable for other saline lakes, into considering the dynamic of lake topography and associated uncertainties in lake conservation/restoration programs.

乌尔米亚湖曾经是世界第二大盐湖，现在几乎已经干涸。几项研究使用不同的数据和技术提供了湖泊的测深图，但很少确定相关的不确定性。本文对乌尔米亚湖测深研究进行了全面回顾，并讨论了潜在的不确定性。我们利用现场数据和卫星数据为乌尔米亚湖开发了更新的混合测深和测高关系。所提出的混合测深方法根据独立的原位深度数据（RMSE < 20 cm）进行了验证，并用作与其他可用的测深模型进行比较的基线。结果表明，湖泊深度测量、卫星数据水体描绘算法、空间插值方法和传感器分辨率的不确定性分别最高。此外，湖水位-面积关系中不确定性带的宽度并不均匀，在1270至1272m之间的湖水位处达到峰值，这对于保护乌尔米亚湖的关键生态系统服务（例如岛屿保护和灰尘控制）至关重要。我们的综合表明，应用不同的乌尔米耶湖测深可能会导致为获得生态和灰尘控制水平而估计的湖泊容量分别产生约0.5和1 km ^{3的差异。} 我们的研究结果为乌尔米亚湖管理者提供了有用的见解，也适用于其他盐湖，以考虑 湖泊地形的动态以及湖泊保护/恢复计划中的相关不确定性。