Over the last two decades the world has witnessed the global spread of two genetically related highly pathogenic coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. However, the impact of these outbreaks differed significantly with respect to the hospitalizations and fatalities seen worldwide. While many studies have been performed recently on SARS-CoV-2, a comparative pathogenesis analysis with SARS-CoV may further provide critical insights into the mechanisms of disease that drive coronavirus-induced respiratory disease. In this review, we comprehensively describe clinical and experimental observations related to transmission and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with SARS-CoV, focusing on human, animal, and in vitro studies. By deciphering the similarities and disparities of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, in terms of transmission and pathogenesis mechanisms, we offer insights into the divergent characteristics of these two viruses. This information may also be relevant to assessing potential novel introductions of genetically related highly pathogenic coronaviruses.

中文翻译：

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严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒的发病机制比较


在过去的二十年里，世界见证了两种遗传相关的高致病性冠状病毒的全球传播，即严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 （SARS-CoV） 和 SARS-CoV-2。然而，这些疫情的影响与全球住院和死亡人数差异很大。虽然最近对 SARS-CoV-2 进行了许多研究，但与 SARS-CoV 的比较发病机制分析可能会进一步为导致冠状病毒诱导的呼吸系统疾病的疾病机制提供重要见解。在这篇综述中，我们全面描述了与 SARS-CoV-2 与 SARS-CoV 的传播和发病机制相关的临床和实验观察结果，重点是人类、动物和体外研究。通过破译 SARS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2 在传播和发病机制方面的相似性和差异性，我们提供了对这两种病毒的不同特征的见解。这些信息也可能与评估遗传相关的高致病性冠状病毒的潜在新引入有关。