Solar-driven water evaporation is a promising approach to solve the issue of water resource shortage. Herein, a cellulose acetate (CA)/graphene(G) nanofiber membrane evaporator with superior oil resistance was prepared by electrospinning and subsequently with the deacetylation process. The as-fabricated d-CA/G composite nanofiber membranes possess high solar absorption, high porosity, and low thermal conductivity. The evaporation rate of d-CA/G composite nanofiber membrane with a graphene concentration of 3 % for pure water can reach 1.38 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ with the corresponding efficiency of 88.4 % under one sun illumination. Moreover, the d-CA/G composite nanofiber membrane possesses super hydrophilic and underwater superoleophobicity. Thus, the d-CA/G composite nanofiber membrane can resist fouling by oils and dissolve the concentrated salt back into bulk water, resulting in efficient purification capacity for oil-in-water emulsion and stable desalination performance for seawater in the long term. The evaporation rate of the d-CA/G evaporator can approach 1.37 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ when used for the purification of oil-in-water emulsion. This study provides a facile way for the development of multifunctional nanofiber membrane evaporators with highly efficient and sustainable for seawater desalination and wastewater treatment.

太阳能驱动的水蒸发是解决水资源短缺问题的一种有前景的方法。本文通过静电纺丝和脱乙酰工艺制备了具有优异耐油性的醋酸纤维素（CA）/石墨烯（G）纳米纤维膜蒸发器。所制备的 d-CA/G 复合纳米纤维膜具有高太阳能吸收率、高孔隙率和低导热率。石墨烯浓度为3%的d-CA/G复合纳米纤维膜在1个太阳光照下对纯水的蒸发速率可达1.38 kg m ^-2 h^-1，相应效率为88.4%。此外，d-CA/G复合纳米纤维膜具有超亲水性和水下超疏油性。因此，d-CA/G复合纳米纤维膜可以抵抗油类污染，并将浓盐溶解回原水中，从而对水包油乳状液具有高效的净化能力，并长期稳定的海水淡化性能。d-CA/G蒸发器用于水包油乳液的纯化时，蒸发速率可接近1.37 kg m ^-2 h^-1该研究为开发高效且可持续的多功能纳米纤维膜蒸发器用于海水淡化和废水处理提供了简便的方法。