Photocatalytic processes have been at the forefront of environmental/energy catalysis due to its “green” property, which may play a crucial part in future carbon neutrality. N-rich polymer carbon nitride (C₃N₅) has emerged as a promising photocatalyst due to its efficient utilization of solar energy, and a wide variety of C₃N₅-based catalysts thus are developed for addressing the environmental pollution and energy crisis. However, current studies still need to be deepened, broadened, and updated. This review intends to comprehensively summarize the latest research progress of C₃N₅-based catalysts, especially focusing on their modulation strategies, environmental applications, and energy applications, which may offer some insights and references in developing better C₃N₅-based catalysts for environmental/energy catalysis. The main contents includes the modulation strategies (e.g., molecular structural control, heterojunction construction, elemental doping, and morphological control), environmental applications (e.g., air purification, and water treatment), energy applications (e.g., H₂ evolution, H₂O₂ reduction, CO₂ reduction, and ammonia synthesis), combined systems including the photocatalysis and other catalytic processes (e.g., electrocatalysis, piezocatalysis, and PMS AOPs) for energy/environmental applications, other non-photocatalytic applications (e.g., adsorption, electrocatalysis, and piezocatalysis), and the summary and possible directions.

光催化过程因其“绿色”特性而一直处于环境/能源催化的前沿，这可能在未来的碳中和中发挥至关重要的作用。富氮聚合物氮化碳(C ₃ N ₅ )由于其对太阳能的有效利用而成为一种很有前途的光催化剂，因此开发了多种C ₃ N ₅基催化剂来解决环境污染和能源危机。然而，当前的研究仍需要深化、拓宽和更新。本综述旨在全面总结C ₃ N ₅基催化剂的最新研究进展，特别关注其调制策略、环境应用和能源应用，为开发更好的C ₃ N ₅基催化剂提供一些见解和参考。用于环境/能源催化。主要内容包括调制策略（如分子结构控制、异质结构建、元素掺杂、形貌控制）、环境应用（如空气净化、水处理）、能源应用（如H ₂演化、H ₂ O）₂还原、CO ₂还原和氨合成），包括光催化和其他催化过程（例如，电催化、压电催化和 PMS AOP）的组合系统，用于能源/环境应用、其他非光催化应用（例如，吸附、电催化、和压电催化），以及总结和可能的方向。