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The key determinant for forming pollen density and using crop barriers to mitigate wind-blown pollen dispersal in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167748 Chuan-Jie Zhang 1 , Yang Gao 2 , Jialin Yu 3 , Zheguang Lin 2 , Min Chen 2 , Xueyang Min 2 , Xuebing Yan 2 , Do-Soon Kim 4
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167748 Chuan-Jie Zhang 1 , Yang Gao 2 , Jialin Yu 3 , Zheguang Lin 2 , Min Chen 2 , Xueyang Min 2 , Xuebing Yan 2 , Do-Soon Kim 4
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The potential for commercial cultivation of genetically engineered (GE) alfalfa has raised ecological concerns due to the possibility of introgression of GE alleles into conventional populations. The main objectives of this study were to determine the key affecting factors (i.e. size of pollen source, number of pollinating bees) on forming alfalfa pollen cloud density and test the mitigating effect using maize barrier rows on alfalfa pollen dispersal. The results showed that the mean pollen densities of alfalfa pollen source (Ø = 10 or 20 m) were statistically similar when treated with the same number of worker bumblebees and increased accordingly with increasing the worker bees (887 and 853 pollens m h for Ø = 10 and 20 m with 100–150 worker bees, respectively; 1040 and 1070 pollens m h for the two plots with 200–300 worker bees, respectively), demonstrating that the number of worker bees but not the size of the pollen source was the key determinant for forming alfalfa pollen density. A maize barrier row established at 0.5 m from the alfalfa edge consistently decreased downwind pollen densities (percent pollen density of pollen source) to 0.2–4.4 % at 1–9 m compared to 3.4–25.4 % and 7.5–37.8 % at the same distance range for the upwind and downwind sites without maize barrier rows, respectively. Based on the pods formed on the emasculated alfalfa flowers (due to pollen dispersal) located at various distances from the pollen source and subsequent prediction model, the pollen density threshold value for fertilizing alfalfa recipient under the wind-blown condition was determined of 65.8 pollens m h at 14.7 m from the pollen source edge. The results would help in understanding the pollination biology (minimum pollen density for fertilizing alfalfa recipient ovule) and the process of pollen-mediated gene flow and helpful in developing management strategies to reduce the pollen density and thus mitigate the gene flow in alfalfa.
中文翻译：
苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）花粉密度形成和利用作物屏障减轻风吹花粉传播的关键决定因素
由于 GE 等位基因可能渗入到常规种群中，转基因 (GE) 苜蓿的商业化种植潜力引起了生态问题。本研究的主要目的是确定形成苜蓿花粉云密度的关键影响因素（即花粉源大小、授粉蜜蜂数量），并测试玉米屏障行对苜蓿花粉扩散的缓解效果。结果表明，当使用相同数量的工蜂处理时，苜蓿花粉源（Ø = 10或20 m）的平均花粉密度在统计上相似，并且随着工蜂数量的增加而相应增加（Ø = 10时为887和853花粉m·h） 100-150 只工蜂的情况下，分别为 20 m 和 20 m；有 200-300 只工蜂的两个样地分别为 1040 和 1070 花粉 m h），表明工蜂的数量而不是花粉源的大小是关键的决定因素用于形成苜蓿花粉密度。在距苜蓿边缘 0.5 m 处建立的玉米屏障行持续将顺风花粉密度（花粉源的花粉密度百分比）降低至 1-9 m 处的 0.2-4.4%，而在相同距离处分别为 3.4-25.4% 和 7.5-37.8%分别为没有玉米屏障行的上风和顺风地点的范围。根据距离花粉源不同距离的去雄苜蓿花（由于花粉传播）形成的荚果和后续的预测模型，确定风吹条件下受精苜蓿受体的花粉密度阈值为65.8花粉m·h距花粉源边缘14.7 m。这些结果将有助于了解授粉生物学（使苜蓿受体胚珠受精的最低花粉密度）和花粉介导的基因流过程，并有助于制定降低花粉密度的管理策略，从而减轻苜蓿的基因流。
更新日期：2023-10-12
中文翻译：
苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）花粉密度形成和利用作物屏障减轻风吹花粉传播的关键决定因素
由于 GE 等位基因可能渗入到常规种群中，转基因 (GE) 苜蓿的商业化种植潜力引起了生态问题。本研究的主要目的是确定形成苜蓿花粉云密度的关键影响因素（即花粉源大小、授粉蜜蜂数量），并测试玉米屏障行对苜蓿花粉扩散的缓解效果。结果表明，当使用相同数量的工蜂处理时，苜蓿花粉源（Ø = 10或20 m）的平均花粉密度在统计上相似，并且随着工蜂数量的增加而相应增加（Ø = 10时为887和853花粉m·h） 100-150 只工蜂的情况下，分别为 20 m 和 20 m；有 200-300 只工蜂的两个样地分别为 1040 和 1070 花粉 m h），表明工蜂的数量而不是花粉源的大小是关键的决定因素用于形成苜蓿花粉密度。在距苜蓿边缘 0.5 m 处建立的玉米屏障行持续将顺风花粉密度（花粉源的花粉密度百分比）降低至 1-9 m 处的 0.2-4.4%，而在相同距离处分别为 3.4-25.4% 和 7.5-37.8%分别为没有玉米屏障行的上风和顺风地点的范围。根据距离花粉源不同距离的去雄苜蓿花（由于花粉传播）形成的荚果和后续的预测模型，确定风吹条件下受精苜蓿受体的花粉密度阈值为65.8花粉m·h距花粉源边缘14.7 m。这些结果将有助于了解授粉生物学（使苜蓿受体胚珠受精的最低花粉密度）和花粉介导的基因流过程，并有助于制定降低花粉密度的管理策略，从而减轻苜蓿的基因流。
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