This paper investigated the evolution of residual stress of 7050 aluminum alloy during solid solution, uphill quenching and aging treatments through finite element simulation method (FEM) and experiments. The effects of residual stress on processing deformation and tensile properties were explored. The results showed that overall residual stress amplitude of the sample was increased with the decrease in cryogenic temperature, which was independent of the cooling rate. The combination of uphill quenching and aging treatment can release the quenching residual stress by 55%. The mechanism of uphill quenching was related to the temperature difference between the surface and core of the sample. With the increase in temperature difference, the direction of residual stress caused by heating was consistent with quenching residual stress, which resulted in stress superposition and consequently released the residual stress through plastic deformation. With the decrease in temperature difference, the direction was opposite to the quenching residual stress, and they interacted with each other to induce the release of residual stress. Original residual stress with low amplitude and uniform distribution after combined uphill quenching and aging treatment made contribution to improve the dimensional accuracy of aluminum alloy components after machining without no obvious deterioration in tensile strength.

本文通过有限元模拟方法（FEM）和实验研究了7050铝合金在固溶、上淬火和时效处理过程中残余应力的演变。探讨了残余应力对加工变形和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明，样品的总体残余应力幅值随着低温温度的降低而增大，且与冷却速率无关。上坡淬火与时效处理相结合，可释放淬火残余应力55%。上坡淬火的机理与样品表面和核心之间的温差有关。随着温差的增大，加热产生的残余应力方向与淬火残余应力方向一致，产生应力叠加，从而通过塑性变形释放残余应力。随着温差的减小，其方向与淬火残余应力相反，二者相互作用，促使残余应力释放。上坡淬火和时效联合处理后，原始残余应力幅值小、分布均匀，有助于提高铝合金构件加工后的尺寸精度，且抗拉强度没有明显恶化。