<br>恙螨（Eutrombicula alfreddugesi）的外寄生不会导致东部栅栏蜥蜴（Sceloporus undulatus）生长速度的性别差异,Ecology and Evolution

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恙螨（Eutrombicula alfreddugesi）的外寄生不会导致东部栅栏蜥蜴（Sceloporus undulatus）生长速度的性别差异
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10590
Hailey Conrad _{1,

2} , Nicholas B Pollock _{3,

4} , Henry John-Alder _{1,

5}

Affiliation

寄生现象在动物中几乎普遍存在，并且常常与宿主生物体的健康成本相关，包括生长、觅食和繁殖的减少。在许多物种中，雄性往往比雌性更严重地被寄生，因此可能承受更大的寄生成本。 Sceloporus undulatus是一种雌性较大、两性大小的二态性蜥蜴物种，大量被恙螨 ( Eutrombicula alfreddugesi ) 寄生。特别是，在生长速度的性别差异导致性别尺寸二态性（SSD）发展期间，雄性幼虫的寄生强度高于雌性幼虫。其他物种也记录了寄生适应性成本的性别差异。我们调查了螨体外寄生是否存在生长成本，同时与生长率的性别差异和 SSD 的发生相一致。如果寄生的生长成本存在性别偏见，那么这可能表明对波状链鱼SSD 的发展有贡献。我们通过在 2016 年和 2019 年活动季节进行描述性标记重捕获研究，测量了两组未经处理、田间活动的一岁鸽的生长和螨虫负荷。一岁雄性的仲夏螨虫负荷始终高于雌性，但生长率始终低于雌性。然而，我们发现两性的生长速度和身体状况与螨虫负荷无关。此外，2019 年的生长率和螨虫数量高于 2016 年。我们的研究结果表明，波状锯齿螨幼体对恙螨具有高度耐受性，螨虫造成的任何成本都可能以牺牲生长以外的功能为代价。我们的结论是，性别偏向的螨体外寄生不会导致生长速度的性别差异，因此不会促进 SSD 的发展。

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Chigger mite (Eutrombicula alfreddugesi) ectoparasitism does not contribute to sex differences in growth rate in eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus)

Parasitism is nearly ubiquitous in animals and is frequently associated with fitness costs in host organisms, including reduced growth, foraging, and reproduction. In many species, males tend to be more heavily parasitized than females and thus may bear greater costs of parasitism. Sceloporus undulatus is a female-larger, sexually size dimorphic lizard species that is heavily parasitized by chigger mites (Eutrombicula alfreddugesi). In particular, the intensity of mite parasitism is higher in male than in female juveniles during the period of time when sex differences in growth rate lead to the development of sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Sex-biased differences in fitness costs of parasitism have been documented in other species. We investigated whether there are growth costs of mite ectoparasitism, at a time coinciding with sex differences in growth rate and the onset of SSD. If there are sex-biased growth costs of parasitism, then this could suggest a contribution to the development of SSD in S. undulatus. We measured growth and mite loads in two cohorts of unmanipulated, field-active yearlings by conducting descriptive mark-recapture studies during the activity seasons of 2016 and 2019. Yearling males had consistently higher mid-summer mite loads and consistently lower growth rates than females. However, we found that growth rate and body condition were independent of mite load in both sexes. Furthermore, growth rates and mite loads were higher in 2019 than in 2016. Our findings suggest that juveniles of S. undulatus are highly tolerant of chigger mites and that any costs imposed by mites may be at the expense of functions other than growth. We conclude that sex-biased mite ectoparasitism does not contribute to sex differences in growth rate and, therefore, does not contribute to the development of SSD.

更新日期：2023-10-12

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