In the field of oil refining, the presence of excessive residual phosphorus in crude oil can significantly impact its quality, thereby emphasizing the necessity for compact and convenient testing equipment. This study primarily focuses on developing of self-powered biosensor (SPB) using immobilizing Choline Oxidase with a photoactive ternary nanocomposite complex (CHOx-BiOI-rGO-Fe₃O₄ NPs-ITO) as the anode and utilizing a Pt electrode as the cathode. The successful preparation of the ternary composite photoelectrode for the anode was confirmed through a range of characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N₂ absorption/desorption, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectrometer (UV–vis DRS). The electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties were assessed using an electrochemical workstation, revealing a significant enhancement photoelectrical responsiveness attributed to the formation of heterojunction structures. The SPB exhibited a remarkable linear relationship between the instantaneous photocurrent and phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentration, with a regression equation of I (μA) = 39.62071C (mM) + 3.47271. The linear range covered a concentration range of 0.01–10 mM, and the detection limit (S/N = 3) was determined to be 0.008 mM. It demonstrated excellent reproducibility and storage stability, positioning it a promising alternative to High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for accurate quantification of PC content in rhodotorula glutinis oil. The standard recovery PC content ranged from 98.48% to 103.53%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from 1.4% to 2.4%. This research presents a convenient and precise detection device that has the potential to address the issue of lagging detection in the oil refining process.

在炼油领域，原油中残留磷含量过高会严重影响其质量，因此需要紧凑、方便的检测设备。本研究主要致力于开发自供电生物传感器（SPB），使用固定化胆碱氧化酶和光活性三元纳米复合物（CHOx-BiOI-rGO-Fe ₃ O ₄ NPs-ITO）作为阳极，并利用Pt电极作为阴极。通过一系列表征技术，包括X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM），证实了阳极三元复合光电极的成功制备。 、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)、N ₂吸收/解吸、动态光散射(DLS) 和紫外可见漫反射光谱仪 (UV-vis DRS)。使用电化学工作站评估电化学和光电化学性能，揭示了由于异质结结构的形成而显着增强的光电响应性。SPB的瞬时光电流与磷脂酰胆碱（PC）浓度之间呈现显着的线性关系，回归方程为I（μA）= 39.62071C（mM）+ 3.47271。线性范围涵盖0.01-10 mM的浓度范围，检测限（S/N = 3）确定为0.008 mM。它表现出出色的重现性和储存稳定性，使其成为高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 的有前途的替代品，用于准确定量红酵母油中的 PC 含量。PC含量的标准回收率为98.48%～103.53%，相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%～2.4%。这项研究提出了一种方便、精确的检测装置，有可能解决炼油过程中检测滞后的问题。