Generally, an excess of PbI₂ is used in the perovskite precursor solution to increase the crystallinity of the perovskite. However, excessive PbI₂ will form PbI₂ clusters during the annealing process of the perovskite film, which will cause the decomposition of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and affect the stability of the device. Here we use 4-Difluoromethyl-Benzylamine Hydrochloride (4F₂M-BACl) to do interfacial doping of the perovskite film to passivate the defects on the surface of the perovskite film and disperse the PbI₂ clusters through the interaction with PbI₂. Under the passivation effect of 4F₂M-BACl, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs was increased from 18.51% to 21.51%, and the hysteresis indicator (HI) was lower. In addition, the hydrophobic functional group F and benzene ring of 4F₂M-BACl and the dispersing effect of 4F₂M-BACl on PbI₂ have significantly improved the stability of the device. Unencapsulated devices with 4F₂M-BACl modification were able to maintain over 85% of the initial PCE after 170 h at 80% relative humidity (RH).

通常，在钙钛矿前体溶液中使用过量的PbI _2以增加钙钛矿的结晶度。然而，过量的PbI ₂在钙钛矿薄膜的退火过程中会形成PbI _{2团簇，从而导致钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的分解并影响器件的稳定性。}这里我们使用4-二氟甲基-苄胺盐酸盐(4F ₂ M-BACl)对钙钛矿薄膜进行界面掺杂，钝化钙钛矿薄膜表面的缺陷，并通过与PbI ₂的相互作用分散PbI ₂团簇。_{在4F 2}钝化作用下M-BACl后，PSC的功率转换效率（PCE）从18.51%提高到21.51%，并且滞后指标（HI）更低。_{此外，4F 2 M-BACl}的疏水性官能团F和苯环以及4F ₂ M-BACl对PbI ₂的分散作用均显着提高了器件的稳定性。_{具有 4F 2} M-BACl 改性的未封装器件在 80% 相对湿度 (RH) 下 170 小时后能够保持超过 85% 的初始 PCE。