The incorporation of vanadium during the synthesis process induced a spontaneous and complete thermal phase transition from α-Bi₂O₃ to β-Bi₂O₃. This phase transition facilitated the development of intrinsic electric field at the interface between V₂O₅ and β-Bi₂O₃, consequently establishing a novel carrier transfer pathway. As a result, the fabricated V₂O₅/β-Bi₂O₃ heterojunction exhibited an outstanding removal efficiency of over 98 % for gaseous mercury (Hg⁰) under UV light, and this efficiency of 95.0 % even after 35 h of testing. Introducing vanadium enhanced the light absorption capacity in the ultraviolet region and effectively separated photoinduced charge carriers. As revealed by density functional theory calculations, the photoinduced electron–hole transfer in the V₂O₅/β-Bi₂O₃ heterojunction followed the Z-scheme mechanism. This mechanism significantly contributed to the long-term stability of photocatalytic Hg⁰ removal, even when H₂O and NO were present. This study presents a novel material composited by a thermal phase transition technique, aimed at the highly effective and green removal of Hg⁰ in the environment.

_{合成过程中钒的掺入引发了从α-Bi 2} O ₃到β-Bi ₂ O ₃的自发且完全的热相变。_{这种相变促进了V 2} O ₅和β-Bi ₂ O ₃之间界面处固有电场的发展，从而建立了新的载流子转移途径。结果，所制备的V ₂ O ₅ /β-Bi ₂ O ₃异质结在紫外光下对气态汞（Hg ⁰ ）表现出超过98%的出色去除效率，即使在35小时的测试后，该效率仍高达95.0% 。钒的引入增强了紫外区的光吸收能力，有效分离了光生载流子。密度泛函理论计算表明，V ₂ O ₅ /β-Bi ₂ O ₃异质结中的光致电子空穴转移遵循Z型机制。即使存在H ₂ O和NO ，该机制也显着有助于光催化去除Hg ⁰的长期稳定性。本研究提出了一种通过热相变技术复合的新型材料，旨在高效、绿色地去除环境中的Hg ^{0 。}