Any approach to the economic organization of a society depends on our knowledge of the productive forces and relations of production involved. In archaeology, this line of research requires an analysis of the technical quality and quantity of the means of production, as well as their spatial distribution and contextualisation. Macrolithic artefacts constituted the means of production in many of the productive processes of past communities, from the Neolithic period to the end of prehistory. This article seeks to utilize macrolithic data to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the economic organisation of the Chalcolithic communities in the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula between c. 3100 and 2200 cal BC. These communities produced one of the most outstanding, but at the same time puzzling archaeological records known in later prehistory. The main aim of this exploratory approach, the first of its kind, is to determine if the different forms of occupation of the Chalcolithic, namely monumental, ditched enclosures, fortified and unfortified hill-top settlements, and simple, open settlements were distinguished by specific modes of production. This issue is crucial to the on-going debate about the meaning and relevance of the notion of social complexity in the context of Chalcolithic societies and their political organisation. Our study describes the productive forces of the Chalcolithic settlements as highly variable, both in the type of productive tasks performed and in their intensity, and such variability is not explained by aspects like geographic location, form of occupation, or monumentality. The observed wealth and productive diversity, without signs of marked social hierarchies, emerge as a characteristic feature of what can be defined as cooperative affluent societies.

社会经济组织的任何方法都取决于我们对所涉及的生产力和生产关系的了解。在考古学中，这一研究领域需要分析生产资料的技术质量和数量，及其空间分布和情境。从新石器时代到史前末期，大石器文物构成了过去社区许多生产过程中的生产资料。本文旨在利用巨石器数据来更全面地了解约 100 至 100 年间伊比利亚半岛南半部红铜时代社区的经济组织。公元前 3100 和 2200 年。这些社区产生了史前时期后期已知的最杰出但同时又令人费解的考古记录之一。这种探索性方法的主要目的是确定铜石时代的不同占领形式，即纪念性的、开沟的围墙、设防和不设防的山顶定居点，以及简单、开放的定居点，是否通过特定的特征来区分。生产方式。这个问题对于关于铜器社会及其政治组织背景下社会复杂性概念的含义和相关性的持续辩论至关重要。我们的研究将铜石并用时代定居点的生产力描述为高度可变的，无论是在执行的生产任务的类型还是在其强度上，并且这种可变性不能用地理位置、职业形式或纪念性等方面来解释。所观察到的财富和生产多样性，没有明显的社会等级制度的迹象，成为可以定义为合作富裕社会的特征。