The creation of an ileostomy or colostomy is a common surgical event, both in elective and in emergency context. The main aim of stoma creation is to prevent postoperative complications, such as the anastomotic leak. However, stoma-related complications can also occur and their morbidity is not negligible, with a rate from 20 to 70%. Most stomal complications are managed conservatively, but, when this approach is not resolutive, surgical treatment becomes necessary. The aim of this mapping review is to get a comprehensive overview on the incidence, the risk factors, and the management of the main early and late ostomy complications: stoma necrosis, mucocutaneous separation, stoma retraction, stoma prolapse, parastomal hernia, stoma stenosis, and stoma bleeding. A complete literature research in principal databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS and COCHRANE) was performed by Multidisciplinary Italian Study group for STOmas (MISSTO) for each topic, with no language restriction and limited to the years 2011–2021. An international expert panel, from MISSTO and World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), subsequently reviewed the different issues, endorsed the project, and approved the final manuscript. Stoma-related complications are common and require a step-up management, from conservative stoma care to surgical stoma revision. A study of literature evidence in clinical practice for stoma creation and an improved management of stoma-related complications could significantly increase the quality of life of patients with ostomy. Solid evidence from the literature about the correct management is lacking, and an international consensus is needed to draw up new guidelines on this subject.

中文翻译：

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造口并发症的手术治疗：MISSTO-WSES 映射回顾


回肠造口术或结肠造口术是一种常见的外科手术，无论是在择期手术还是在紧急情况下。造口的主要目的是预防术后并发症，例如吻合口瘘。然而，与造口相关的并发症也可能发生，其发病率不可忽视，发病率为 20% 至 70%。大多数造口并发症可以保守治疗，但是，当这种方法不能解决问题时，就需要手术治疗。本次绘图回顾的目的是全面概述主要早期和晚期造口并发症的发生率、危险因素和治疗：造口坏死、皮肤粘膜分离、造口回缩、造口脱垂、造口旁疝、造口狭窄、和造口出血。 STOmas 多学科意大利研究小组 (MISSTO) 在主要数据库（PUBMED、EMBASE、SCOPUS 和 COCHRANE）中对每个主题进行了完整的文献研究，没有语言限制，且仅限于 2011-2021 年。来自 MISSTO 和世界急诊外科学会 (WSES) 的国际专家小组随后审查了不同的问题，批准了该项目，并批准了最终手稿。造口相关并发症很常见，需要加强管理，从保守造口护理到手术造口修复。对造口临床实践中的文献证据进行研究并改进造口相关并发症的管理可以显着提高造口患者的生活质量。文献中缺乏关于正确管理的可靠证据，需要达成国际共识来制定有关该主题的新指南。