Plants have a wide range of active secondary metabolites that are frequently utilized to treat cancer. For the research, Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. leaves (DS) were hydromethanolically extracted, and their phytochemical content was determined. Total phenolics and flavonoids were quantified along with the measurement of in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The bioactive components in the extract were identified with the use of Gas Chromatography with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (GC-HRMS). The crude extract contained 177.500 ± 0.019 mg/ml of flavonoids and 296.122 ± 0.002 mg/ml of Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) phenolics. Moreover, plant crude extract showed significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity (IC₅₀, 14.06 ± 0.18 μg/ml), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) [ABTS] activity (IC₅₀, 25.97 ± 1.04 μg/ml), superoxide scavenging activity (IC₅₀, 149.91 ± 0.39 μg/ml), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (IC₅₀, 133.37 ± 2.30 μg/ml). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were used to confirm the presence of phenolic compounds. DS effectively scavenges nitric oxide. The crude extract of DS exhibited good cytotoxic effects on lung cancer cells (A549) with an IC₅₀ value of 90.56 ± 2.32 (μg/ml), and less toxicity on normal lung cells (WI-38) with an IC₅₀ value of 381.10 ± 1.58 (μg/ml). IC₅₀ value of methotrexate (the standard drug) was 10.20 ± 1.82 μg/ml on A549 cells and 26.21 ± 1.14 μg/ml on WI-38 cells. Various staining techniques [4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Acridine orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) staining, Giemsa staining] were used to determine the plausible mechanism of DS to induce apoptosis. The inhibiting mechanism of the crude extract was further demonstrated by the clonogenic assay and qualitative and quantitative measurements of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed the induction of apoptosis in A549 cells through the activation of caspases 9 and 3 together with TRAIL receptors. In a nutshell, hydromethanolic extract of DS resulted in distinct apoptotic morphological alterations, ROS production, the initiation of apoptosis via activating the TRAIL receptors, caspase 9 and 3, and the suppression of colony formation in A549 cells.

植物具有多种活性次生代谢产物，常用于治疗癌症。对于这项研究，Dalbergia sissoo Roxb。前 DC。对叶子（DS）进行加氢甲醇提取，并测定其植物化学成分。总酚类和黄酮类化合物的定量以及体外抗氧化和细胞毒性活性的测量。使用气相色谱法和高分辨率质谱法 (GC-HRMS) 鉴定提取物中的生物活性成分。粗提物含有 177.500 ± 0.019 mg/ml 类黄酮和 296.122 ± 0.002 mg/ml 没食子酸当量 (GAE) 酚类物质。此外，植物粗提物显示出显着的 2,2-二苯基-1-三硝基苯肼 (DPPH) 活性 (IC ₅₀ , 14.06 ± 0.18 μg/ml)、2,2'-azino-bis (3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸) [ABTS] 活性（IC ₅₀ , 25.97 ± 1.04 μg/ml）、超氧化物清除活性（IC ₅₀ , 149.91 ± 0.39 μg/ml）和过氧化氢清除活性（IC ₅₀ , 133.37 ± 2.30 μg/ml）。使用热重分析（TGA）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）方法确认酚类化合物的存在。DS 有效清除一氧化氮。DS粗提物对肺癌细胞（A549）具有良好的细胞毒作用，IC ₅₀值为90.56±2.32（μg/ml），对正常肺细胞（WI-38）毒性较小，IC ₅₀值为381.10 ±1.58（微克/毫升）。甲氨蝶呤（标准药物）对A549细胞的IC _{50值为10.20±1.82μg/ml，对WI-38细胞的IC 50 值为26.21±1.14μg/ml。}使用各种染色技术[4, 6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚 (DAPI)、吖啶橙/溴化乙锭 (AO/EB) 染色、吉姆萨染色] 来确定 DS 诱导细胞凋亡的合理机制。通过克隆形成实验和活性氧（ROS）的定性和定量测量进一步证明了粗提物的抑制机制。实时聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 分析显示，通过激活 caspase 9 和 3 以及 TRAIL 受体，诱导 A549 细胞凋亡。简而言之，DS 的氢甲醇提取物导致明显的细胞凋亡形态改变、ROS 产生、通过激活 TRAIL 受体、caspase 9 和 3 启动细胞凋亡，并抑制 A549 细胞中的集落形成。