This article examines globalization in an Asian context through the lens of two Buddhist concepts: the cakravartin and the bodhisattva. A cakravartin is a ruler who fuses spiritual and political power in his global reign. This article argues that the cakravartin represents one model of Buddhist globalization where the spread of the religion coincides with the growing military dominion of a BuddhGist king. A bodhisattva, on the other hand, is an enlightened being who has chosen to be reborn out of compassion with the entire suffering world. A bodhisattva watches over a ‘Buddha field’, or spiritual realm. Each Buddha field has its own laws, culture, language, or even separate forms of time and space. The bodhisattva provides a new model for understanding cultural diversity in the absence of a unified political power: the Buddhist world is a transnational network where new identities are negotiated.

中文翻译：

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从转轮圣王到菩萨：全球化的佛教模式

本文通过两个佛教概念的视角审视亚洲背景下的全球化：转轮圣王和菩萨。A转轮圣王是一位在全球统治中融合精神力量和政治力量的统治者。本文认为，转轮圣王代表了佛教全球化的一种模式，其中宗教的传播与佛教国王日益增长的军事统治同时发生。A菩萨，另一方面，他是一位觉者，出于对整个苦难世界的慈悲而选择重生。A菩萨守护着“佛界”或精神领域。每个佛界都有自己的法则、文化、语言，甚至时空的不同形式。这菩萨为在缺乏统一政治权力的情况下理解文化多样性提供了一种新模式：佛教世界是一个跨国网络，新的身份在这里进行协商。