Nemonoxacin is a novel non-fluorinated quinolone with strong antibacterial efficacy, but data of its effect on acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is rare. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of oral nemonoxacin with moxifloxacin in AECOPD outpatients. In this retrospective observational study, a total of 101 AECOPD outpatients initially treated with nemonoxacin or moxifloxacin from July 2021 to March 2022 were enrolled. We collected COPD assessment test (CAT), Transition Dyspnea Indices (TDI) scores, and exacerbations information during 24 weeks follow-up from the electronic medical records. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to analyze the time to the next moderate/severe exacerbation. Compared to the moxifloxacin group, changes in CAT scores and TDI scores were significantly higher in the nemonoxacin group, and the nemonoxacin group also had a greater probability to reach the minimal clinically important difference of CAT (71.40% vs. 97.80%, p < 0.01) and TDI (40.50% vs. 60.00%, p < 0.05) at week 4. Despite no significant difference in the incidence of exacerbations between two groups, patients treated with nemonoxacin had a significantly prolonged time to next moderate/severe exacerbation than those with moxifloxacin (p < 0.05). Nemonoxacin achieved a better symptomatic improvement and a prolonged interval to next moderate/severe exacerbation for AECOPD outpatients.

奈莫沙星是一种新型非氟化喹诺酮类药物，具有很强的抗菌功效，但其对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重（AECOPD）的疗效数据很少。本研究旨在比较口服奈诺沙星与莫西沙星在 AECOPD 门诊患者中的疗效。在这项回顾性观察研究中，共有 101 名 2021 年 7 月至 2022 年 3 月期间最初接受奈诺沙星或莫西沙星治疗的 AECOPD 门诊患者入组。我们从电子病历中收集了慢性阻塞性肺病评估测试 (CAT)、过渡性呼吸困难指数 (TDI) 评分以及 24 周随访期间的病情加重信息。卡普兰-迈耶曲线用于分析到下一次中度/重度恶化的时间。与莫西沙星组相比，奈诺沙星组的 CAT 评分和 TDI 评分变化明显较高，并且奈诺沙星组也有更大的概率达到 CAT 的最小临床重要差异（71.40% vs. 97.80%，p < 0.01  ） ）和第 4 周时的 TDI（40.50% 对比 60.00%，p  < 0.05）。尽管两组之间的急性加重发生率没有显着差异，但接受奈诺沙星治疗的患者到下一次中度/重度急性加重的时间明显长于接受奈诺沙星治疗的患者。莫西沙星（p  < 0.05）。奈莫沙星为 AECOPD 门诊患者实现了更好的症状改善，并延长了下一次中度/重度恶化的间隔。