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Regional household variation and inequality across the Maya landscape
Journal of Anthropological Archaeology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2023.101552
Whittaker Schroder , Timothy Murtha , Charles Golden , Madeline Brown , Robert Griffin , Kelsey E. Herndon , Shanti Morell-Hart , Andrew K. Scherer

The emergence and expansion of inequality have been topics of household archaeology for decades. Traditionally, this question has been informed by ethnographic, ethnohistoric and/or comparative studies. Within sites and regions, comparative physical, spatial, and architectural studies of households offer an important baseline of information about status, wealth, and well-being, especially in the Maya lowlands where households are accessible in the archaeological record. Between sites, more research is necessary to assess how these physical measurements of household remains compare. This paper investigates the intersection of landscape, household, and community based on a multi-scalar analysis of households using the Gini index across southeastern Mexico, in the context of a broader study of land use, land management, and settlement patterns. Notably, this paper represents a region-wide analysis of nearly continuous LiDAR data within and outside of previously documented prehispanic Maya settlements. While we conclude that the Gini index is useful for establishing a comparative understanding of settlement, we also recognize that the index is a starting point to identify other ways to study how household to community-level social and economic variability intersects with diverse ecological patterns. Highlighting the opportunities and limitations with applying measures like the Gini index across culturally, temporally, and geographically heterogeneous areas, we illustrate how systematic studies of settlement can be coupled to broader studies of landscape archaeology to interpret changing patterns of land management and settlement across the Maya lowlands.



中文翻译:

整个玛雅景观的区域家庭差异和不平等

几十年来,不平等的出现和扩大一直是家庭考古学的主题。传统上,这个问题是通过民族志、民族历史和/或比较研究得出的。在遗址和区域内,对家庭的物理、空间和建筑的比较研究为有关地位、财富和福祉的信息提供了重要的基线,特别是在玛雅低地,那里的家庭可以在考古记录中找到。在不同地点之间,需要进行更多研究来评估这些家庭遗体的物理测量结果如何进行比较。本文在对土地利用、土地管理和定居模式进行更广泛研究的背景下,利用墨西哥东南部的基尼指数对家庭进行多标量分析,调查了景观、家庭和社区的交叉点。值得注意的是,本文对先前记录的前西班牙玛雅定居点内外几乎连续的激光雷达数据进行了全区域分析。虽然我们得出结论认为基尼指数有助于建立对定居点的比较理解,但我们也认识到该指数是确定其他方法的起点,以研究家庭到社区层面的社会和经济变异如何与不同的生态模式相交叉。我们强调了在文化、时间和地理异质地区应用基尼指数等措施的机遇和局限性,说明了如何将系统的聚落研究与更广泛的景观考古学研究相结合,以解释玛雅地区土地管理和聚落模式的变化低地。本文对先前记录的前西班牙玛雅定居点内外几乎连续的激光雷达数据进行了全区域分析。虽然我们得出结论认为基尼指数有助于建立对定居点的比较理解,但我们也认识到该指数是确定其他方法的起点,以研究家庭到社区层面的社会和经济变异如何与不同的生态模式相交叉。我们强调了在文化、时间和地理异质地区应用基尼指数等措施的机遇和局限性,说明了如何将系统的聚落研究与更广泛的景观考古学研究相结合,以解释玛雅地区土地管理和聚落模式的变化低地。本文对先前记录的前西班牙玛雅定居点内外几乎连续的激光雷达数据进行了全区域分析。虽然我们得出结论认为基尼指数有助于建立对定居点的比较理解,但我们也认识到该指数是确定其他方法的起点,以研究家庭到社区层面的社会和经济变异如何与不同的生态模式相交叉。我们强调了在文化、时间和地理异质地区应用基尼指数等措施的机遇和局限性,说明了如何将系统的聚落研究与更广泛的景观考古学研究相结合,以解释玛雅地区土地管理和聚落模式的变化低地。

更新日期:2023-10-08
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