Although banned in some countries, -arsanilic acid (ASA) is still widely used as feed additive in poultry production. As a result, ASA is usually released into the aquatic environment without any treatments. Although ASA exhibits low toxicity, it can be transformed into highly toxic aromatic amines and inorganic arsenic species (As (V) as HAsO and HAsO) under natural environmental conditions. Hence, it is necessary to develop efficient technologies for its removal or degradation. In this contribution, electrochemical advanced oxidation technology with boron-doped diamond (BDD) had been initially used to degrade ASA pollutants. A five-level central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was implemented to optimize the various influencing factors involved, among applied current density, NaCl concentration, NaSO concentration and NaHCO concentration on the oxidation efficiency; the latter was assessed in terms of ASA degradation percentage. The results obtained highlighted the unique and important roles of electrolytes during the electrolytic oxidations. Meanwhile, the major degradation byproducts detected were also strongly dependent on the electrolyte adopted. In particular, several oligomer byproducts with novel structures were initially identified in BDD-treated ASA solutions. Two different electrochemical transformation pathways of ASA on BDD anode were thus proposed. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of BDD technology in the degradation of ASA, as well as the potential minor risk of its application in actual ASA wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

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对阿散酸的电化学高级氧化的研究：电解质的特殊作用和偶合副产物的意外形成

尽管在一些国家被禁止，α-阿散酸（ASA）仍然在家禽生产中广泛用作饲料添加剂。因此，ASA 通常未经任何处理就释放到水生环境中。尽管ASA的毒性较低，但在自然环境条件下可转化为剧毒的芳香胺和无机砷（As(V)为HAsO和HAsO）。因此，有必要开发有效的技术来去除或降解它。在这篇论文中，掺硼金刚石（BDD）电化学高级氧化技术最初被用于降解ASA污染物。采用五级中心复合旋转设计（CCRD）来优化施加电流密度、NaCl浓度、NaSO浓度和NaHCO浓度等各种影响因素对氧化效率的影响；后者根据 ASA 降解百分比进行评估。获得的结果强调了电解质在电解氧化过程中的独特而重要的作用。同时，检测到的主要降解副产物也强烈依赖于所采用的电解质。特别是，在 BDD 处理的 ASA 溶液中最初发现了几种具有新颖结构的低聚物副产物。由此提出了 ASA 在 BDD 阳极上的两种不同的电化学转化途径。本研究证明了BDD技术在降解ASA方面的有效性，以及其在实际ASA废水处理中应用的潜在较小风险。