从报废 PEMFC MEA 中回收、再生和再应用 PFSA 聚合物,ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

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从报废 PEMFC MEA 中回收、再生和再应用 PFSA 聚合物
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11186
Raghunandan Sharma ₁ , Per Morgen ₁ , Mikkel Juul Larsen ₂ , Maria Cinta Roda-Serrat ₁ , Peter Brilner Lund _{1,

2} , Laila Grahl-Madsen ₂ , Shuang Ma Andersen ₁

Affiliation

我们开发了一种从报废 (EoL) 低温质子交换膜 (PEM) 燃料电池 (FC) 中回收、再生和再应用 Nafion 的工艺，Nafion 是一种全氟磺酸 (PFSA) 离聚物。从运行时间接近 19,000 小时的 EoL 膜电极组件 (MEA) 中回收的 PFSA PEM 样品通过将聚合物材料溶解在乙醇中进行回收，并应用溶解的 PFSA 离聚物来生产新催化剂层的离聚物相。 PEMFC 阴极。结构特征显示，与新鲜样品相比，EoL PEM 的磺酸基丰度略低。前者的磺化用于再生磺酸基团以补偿损失的磺酸基团。新的气体扩散电极（GDE）是用回收的 PFSA 离聚物（经过磺化和未经磺化）制备的，并通过最先进的程序组装以这些 GDE 作为阴极的 MEA。GDE 的电化学特性和 MEA 的单电池研究表明，含有回收 PFSA 离聚物的催化剂层的电化学性能至少与含有新鲜的催化剂层相似。分别通过三电极液体电池和单电池进行的 GDE 和 MEA 耐久性研究表明，在不应用磺化步骤的情况下回收 PFSA 离聚物的 GDE/MEA 具有最高的耐久性。然而，通过回收再磺化的 PEM 获得的含有 PFSA 离聚物的 GDE 表现出与含有新鲜 PFSA 离聚物的 GDE 相当的耐久性。因此，在PEMFC操作期间老化的PFSA材料可用于生产用于PEMFC催化剂层的高功能且耐用的再生PFSA离聚物。所研究的 PFSA 离聚物回收工艺对于工业应用极具吸引力。

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Recovery, Regeneration, and Reapplication of PFSA Polymer from End-of-Life PEMFC MEAs

We have developed a recovery, regeneration, and reapplication process for Nafion, a perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer, from end-of-life (EoL) low-temperature proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs). Samples of PFSA PEM recovered from EoL membrane–electrode assemblies (MEAs) with a history of close to 19,000 h of operation were recycled by dissolving the polymeric material in ethanol and applying the dissolved PFSA ionomer for producing the ionomer phase of the catalyst layer of new PEMFC cathodes. Structural characterizations show a marginally lower abundance of sulfonic groups for the EoL PEM compared to a fresh sample. Sulfonation of the former was employed to regenerate sulfonic groups to compensate for the lost ones. New gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs) were prepared with the recycled PFSA ionomer both with and without sulfonation, and MEAs with these GDEs as cathodes were assembled through a state-of-the-art procedure. Electrochemical characterizations of the GDEs and single-cell studies of the MEAs showed that the electrochemical performances of catalyst layers containing recycled PFSA ionomer were at least similar to those containing fresh. Durability studies of the GDEs and MEAs, performed through a three-electrode liquid cell and a single cell, respectively, show the highest durability for the GDE/MEA with PFSA ionomer recycled without applying the sulfonation step. However, the GDE with PFSA ionomer obtained from recycling a re-sulfonated PEM shows a durability comparable to that of the GDE with fresh PFSA ionomer. Hence, PFSA material aged during PEMFC operation may be employed to produce highly functional and durable regenerated PFSA ionomer for PEMFC catalyst layers. The studied process of PFSA ionomer recycling is highly attractive for industrial adoption.

更新日期：2023-10-03

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