Knowledge transfer—the extent to which one unit learns from or is affected by the experience of another—has the potential to improve the performance of organizations. Through knowledge transfer, developments made in one unit of an organization can benefit others. Studies have found, however, considerable variation in the extent to which knowledge transfers across organizational units. In some cases, knowledge transfers seamlessly, whereas in others, knowledge transfer is far from complete. This article reviews research with the aim of explaining the variation observed in knowledge transfer. Key factors identified as explaining the variation include knowledge transfer opportunities, knowledge characteristics, mechanisms for knowledge transfer, motivation for transfer, and the depth of consideration of knowledge. These factors are integrated into a theoretical framework that predicts when knowledge transfer will be successful. The article concludes with a discussion of directions for future research to increase our understanding of knowledge transfer in organizations.

中文翻译：

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组织内部的知识转移：机制、动机和考虑


知识转移 — 一个部门从另一个部门的经验中学习或受另一个部门的经验影响的程度 — 有可能提高组织的绩效。通过知识转移，组织一个部门的发展可以使其他部门受益。然而，研究发现，知识在组织单位之间的转移程度存在相当大的差异。在某些情况下，知识转移是无缝的，而在其他情况下，知识转移远未完成。本文回顾了研究，旨在解释在知识转移中观察到的变化。解释变化的关键因素包括知识转移机会、知识特征、知识转移机制、转移动机和知识的考虑深度。这些因素被整合到一个理论框架中，该框架预测知识转移何时会成功。文章最后讨论了未来研究的方向，以增加我们对组织内知识转移的理解。