Large-scale circulation of the atmosphere in the Earth's extratropics is dominated by eddies, eastward (westerly) zonal winds, and their interaction. Eddies not only bring about weather variabilities but also help maintain the average state of climate. In recent years, our understanding of how large-scale eddies and mean flows interact in the extratropical atmosphere has advanced significantly due to new dynamical constraints on finite-amplitude eddies and the related eddy-free reference state. This article reviews the theoretical foundations for finite-amplitude Rossby wave activity and related concepts. Theory is then applied to atmospheric data to elucidate how angular momentum is redistributed by the generation, transmission, and dissipation of Rossby waves and to reveal how an anomalously large wave event such as atmospheric blocking may arise from regional eddy-mean flow interaction.

中文翻译：

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地球温带大气中大尺度涡流-平均流相互作用


地球外热带大气的大尺度环流以涡流、东（西）向日风及其相互作用为主。漩涡不仅会带来天气变化，还有助于维持气候的平均状态。近年来，由于对有限振幅涡流和相关的无涡流参考状态的新动力学约束，我们对温带大气中大尺度涡流和平均流如何相互作用的理解有了显着进展。本文综述了有限振幅 Rossby 波活动的理论基础和相关概念。然后将理论应用于大气数据，以阐明角动量如何通过罗斯比波的产生、传输和消散重新分配，并揭示异常大的波事件（如大气阻塞）如何由区域涡流-平均流相互作用产生。