Based on a systematic review of 119 articles and working papers, we provide an overview of how administrative burdens in citizen-state interactions have been studied since the inception of the research agenda in 2012. We develop a new and comprehensive model of how key concepts in the framework are related, assess the evidence of the causal relationships proposed by the model, and discuss where more evidence is needed. Empirical research supports conventional claims that burdens are consequential, distributive, and constructed. However, the literature has moved further by (1) demonstrating that factors such as frontline service delivery and government communication influence experiences of burdens; (2) highlighting how factors beyond ideology influence constructions of burdens; (3) introducing the burden tolerance concept; (4) illustrating that experiences of burden influence policymakers’ and members of the publics’ burden tolerance. Based on the review, we propose an agenda for future administrative burden research. We call for studies linking experiences of burden to outcomes such as democratic behavior and take-up, and for studies connecting policymakers’ burden tolerance to actual state actions. Moreover, we argue that future studies should use qualitative methods to further explore the nature of burdens from the perspective of citizens, rely on experimental methods to establish causal links between state actions and experiences of burden, and compare burdens across contexts. Further, empirical studies should examine the tradeoffs between legitimacy and experiences of burden, and how actors outside the citizen-state interaction may influence experiences of administrative burden.

中文翻译：

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公民与国家互动中的行政负担：系统文献综述

基于对 119 篇文章和工作论文的系统回顾，我们概述了自 2012 年研究议程启动以来如何研究公民与国家互动中的行政负担。框架是相关的，评估模型提出的因果关系的证据，并讨论哪里需要更多证据。实证研究支持传统观点，即负担是后果性的、分配性的和建构性的。然而，该文献进一步发展为：（1）证明一线服务提供和政府沟通等因素会影响负担体验；(2) 强调意识形态以外的因素如何影响负担的构建；（3）引入负担容忍概念；(4)说明负担经历影响政策制定者和公众的负担承受能力。根据审查结果，我们提出了未来行政负担研究的议程。我们呼吁开展研究，将负担经历与民主行为和接受等结果联系起来，并开展研究，将政策制定者的负担承受能力与实际的国家行动联系起来。此外，我们认为未来的研究应该使用定性方法从公民的角度进一步探讨负担的本质，依靠实验方法来建立国家行为和负担经历之间的因果关系，并比较不同背景下的负担。此外，实证研究应该考察合法性和负担经历之间的权衡，以及公民与国家互动之外的行为者如何影响行政负担经历。