RELT 蛋白质家族：人们越来越意识到它们对癌症、免疫系统和发育的重要性,Biomedicines

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RELT 蛋白质家族：人们越来越意识到它们对癌症、免疫系统和发育的重要性
Biomedicines ( IF 6.081 ) Pub Date : 2023-10-02 , DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102695
John K Cusick ₁ , Jessa Alcaide ₁ , Yihui Shi _{1,

2}

Affiliation

本综述重点介绍了淋巴组织中表达的受体 (RELT)（肿瘤坏死因子超家族成员）及其两个旁系同源物 RELL1 和 RELL2。这三种蛋白质统称为 RELTfms，由于它们与癌症和其他人类疾病的相关性，近年来引起了人们的广泛关注。目前缺乏对其生理功能（包括 RELT 配体）的全面了解，但新出现的证据表明 RELTfms 参与多种过程，包括细胞因子信号传导和促进细胞死亡或存活的途径。缺乏 RELT 的小鼠的 T 细胞表现出对肿瘤的反应增强和炎症细胞因子产生增加，多种证据表明 RELT 可能促进肿瘤的免疫抑制环境。然而，各个 RELTfms 在不同癌症中的关系并不普遍，因为有证据表明，各个 RELTfms 可能是某些癌症的危险因素，但似乎对其他癌症具有保护作用。RELTfms 对于与人类健康相关的各种其他过程非常重要，包括微生物发病机制、炎症、行为、繁殖和发育。所有三种蛋白质在所有脊椎动物中都高度保守，本次综述旨在更清楚地了解有关这些有趣蛋白质的当前知识。

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The RELT Family of Proteins: An Increasing Awareness of Their Importance for Cancer, the Immune System, and Development

This review highlights Receptor Expressed in Lymphoid Tissues (RELT), a Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily member, and its two paralogs, RELL1 and RELL2. Collectively, these three proteins are referred to as RELTfms and have gained much interest in recent years due to their association with cancer and other human diseases. A thorough knowledge of their physiological functions, including the ligand for RELT, is lacking, yet emerging evidence implicates RELTfms in a variety of processes including cytokine signaling and pathways that either promote cell death or survival. T cells from mice lacking RELT exhibit increased responses against tumors and increased inflammatory cytokine production, and multiple lines of evidence indicate that RELT may promote an immunosuppressive environment for tumors. The relationship of individual RELTfms in different cancers is not universal however, as evidence indicates that individual RELTfms may be risk factors in certain cancers yet appear to be protective in other cancers. RELTfms are important for a variety of additional processes related to human health including microbial pathogenesis, inflammation, behavior, reproduction, and development. All three proteins have been strongly conserved in all vertebrates, and this review aims to provide a clearer understanding of the current knowledge regarding these interesting proteins.

更新日期：2023-10-04

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