Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum antibiotics largely used in children, but they have potential toxic side effects, including ototoxicity. Ototoxicity from aminoglycosides is permanent and is a consequence of its action on the inner ear cells via multiple mechanisms. Both uncontrollable risk factors and controllable risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of aminoglycoside-related ototoxicity and, because of the irreversibility of ototoxicity, an important undertaking for preventing ototoxicity includes antibiotic stewardship to limit the use of aminoglycosides. Aminoglycosides are fundamental in the treatment of numerous infectious conditions at neonatal and pediatric age. In childhood, normal auditory function ensures adequate neurocognitive and social development. Hearing damage from aminoglycosides can therefore strongly affect the normal growth of the child. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of aminoglycoside-related ototoxicity and analyzes the risk factors and the potential otoprotective strategies in pediatric patients.

中文翻译：

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氨基糖苷类相关的耳毒性：儿科患者的机制、危险因素和预防

氨基糖苷类是广泛用于儿童的广谱抗生素，但它们具有潜在的毒副作用，包括耳毒性。氨基糖苷类药物的耳毒性是永久性的，是其通过多种机制作用于内耳细胞的结果。不可控危险因素和可控危险因素均参与氨基糖苷类相关耳毒性的发病机制，并且由于耳毒性的不可逆性，预防耳毒性的一项重要工作包括抗生素管理以限制氨基糖苷类的使用。氨基糖苷类药物对于治疗新生儿和儿童时期的多种感染性疾病至关重要。在儿童时期，正常的听觉功能可确保足够的神经认知和社交发展。因此，氨基糖苷类药物造成的听力损伤会严重影响儿童的正常生长。本综述描述了氨基糖苷类相关耳毒性的分子机制，并分析了儿科患者的危险因素和潜在的耳保护策略。