Both the ecological and social dimensions of fisheries are being affected by climate change. As a result, policymakers, managers, scientists and fishing communities are seeking guidance on how to holistically build resilience to climate change. Numerous studies have highlighted key attributes of resilience in fisheries, yet concrete examples that explicitly link these attributes to social-ecological outcomes are lacking. To better understand climate resilience, we assembled 18 case studies spanning ecological, socio-economic, governance and geographic contexts. Using a novel framework for evaluating 38 resilience attributes, the case studies were systematically assessed to understand how attributes enable or inhibit resilience to a given climate stressor. We found population abundance, learning capacity, and responsive governance were the most important attributes for conferring resilience, with ecosystem connectivity, place attachment, and accountable governance scoring the strongest across the climate-resilient fisheries. We used these responses to develop an attribute typology that describes robust sources of resilience, actionable priority attributes and attributes that are case specific or require research. We identified five fishery archetypes to guide stakeholders as they set long-term goals and prioritize actions to improve resilience. Lastly, we found evidence for two pathways to resilience: (1) building ecological assets and strengthening communities, which we observed in rural and small-scale fisheries, and (2) building economic assets and improving effective governance, which was demonstrated in urban and wealthy fisheries. Our synthesis presents a novel framework that can be directly applied to identify approaches, pathways and actionable levers for improving climate resilience in fishery systems.

中文翻译：

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海洋渔业系统气候适应能力的多种途径

渔业的生态和社会层面都受到气候变化的影响。因此，政策制定者、管理者、科学家和渔业社区正在寻求有关如何全面增强气候变化抵御能力的指导。许多研究强调了渔业复原力的关键属性，但缺乏将这些属性与社会生态结果明确联系起来的具体例子。为了更好地了解气候适应能力，我们收集了 18 个涵盖生态、社会经济、治理和地理背景的案例研究。使用评估 38 个复原力属性的新颖框架，对案例研究进行了系统评估，以了解属性如何增强或抑制对给定气候压力源的复原力。我们发现，人口丰度、学习能力和响应式治理是赋予复原力的最重要属性，而生态系统连通性、地方依附性和负责任的治理在气候适应力渔业中得分最高。我们使用这些响应来开发属性类型学，该类型学描述了强大的弹性来源、可操作的优先属性以及特定于案例或需要研究的属性。我们确定了五种渔业原型，以指导利益相关者制定长期目标并优先采取行动以提高复原力。最后，我们发现了两条恢复力途径的证据：(1) 建设生态资产和加强社区，我们在农村和小规模渔业中观察到了这一点；(2) 建设经济资产和改善有效治理，这在城市和小型渔业中得到了证明。渔业富裕。我们的综合提出了一个新颖的框架，可以直接应用于确定提高渔业系统气候适应能力的方法、途径和可行的杠杆。