Reproductive biomechanics, a broad and developing field, contains fluid mechanics problems at every stage. In particular, the human female reproductive system is a complex and dynamic fluid-structure system. Until recently, the majority of this research focused on the early moments of reproduction—namely, the transport phenomena that dominate fertilization and implantation. However, in the past two decades, fluid mechanics has begun to be used in investigations of all aspects surrounding pregnancy, labor, and delivery. In this review, we discuss human reproduction starting with the nonpregnant uterus through implantation, delivery, and lactation and breastfeeding. We cover physiologic changes from the transformation of the uterus and the cervical remodeling process to the development of the placenta and the beginning of lactation. We examine the role of reproductive fluids such as amniotic fluid and vernix caseosa, and how force is transferred during labor.

中文翻译：

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女性生殖的流体力学：怀孕和分娩的生物流体力学综述


生殖生物力学是一个广泛且不断发展的领域，包含每个阶段的流体力学问题。特别是，人类女性生殖系统是一个复杂而动态的流体结构系统。直到最近，这项研究的大部分都集中在繁殖的早期时刻——即主导受精和着床的运输现象。然而，在过去的二十年里，流体力学已开始用于研究围绕怀孕、分娩和分娩的各个方面。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了人类生殖，从非怀孕子宫开始，经过着床、分娩、哺乳和母乳喂养。我们涵盖了从子宫转化和宫颈重塑过程到胎盘发育和泌乳开始的生理变化。我们研究了羊水和胎脂等生殖液的作用，以及分娩过程中力是如何传递的。