巴基斯坦喀布尔河和斯瓦特河新兴有机污染物的勘察,Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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巴基斯坦喀布尔河和斯瓦特河新兴有机污染物的勘察
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 , DOI: 10.1002/etc.5750
Maria Christina Schilling Costello _{1,

2,

3} , Neelam Asad ₄ , Muhammad Haris ₄ , Peyman Yousefi _{1,

5} , Bushra Khan ₄ , Linda S Lee _{1,

2}

Affiliation

巴基斯坦北部的斯瓦特河和喀布尔河位于重要的区域流域内，支持以河流为基础的生计，并受到未经处理的污水排放和城市固体废物的影响。有证据表明这些河流中的鱼类数量正在减少。水生健康状况不佳的潜在原因之一是污染。因此，我们调查了河流系统中新兴关注污染物 (CEC) 的存在情况。在河流高流量季节（2018 年夏季）和低流量季节（2019 年冬季）在喀布尔河 ( n = 9) 和斯瓦特河 ( n = 10) 采集水样。通过液相色谱高分辨率质谱法对农用化学品、药品、增塑剂、个人护理产品中的化学品和激素进行定量。在斯瓦特河，所有地点均检测到咖啡因 (18–8452 ng/L)、N,N-二乙基间甲苯酰胺 (DEET；16–56 ng/L) 和增塑剂 (13–7379 ng/L)两个季节均检测到丁草胺 (16–98 ng/L)，而仅在高流量期间检测到丁草胺 (16–98 ng/L)。在喀布尔河中，两个季节的所有地点均检测到咖啡因 (12–2081 ng/L) 和几种增塑剂 (91–722 ng/L)，而仅在高流量期间检测到避蚊胺（高达 97 ng/L）。在低流量期间，两条河流中的药物（镇痛药和非甾体抗炎药）均被定量（高达 823 ng/L），斯瓦特河和喀布尔河的检测频率为 70% 至 100%，检测频率为 0% 至 78%。分别。间歇性使用和自然季节性过程（增加径流以及降雨和融雪造成的稀释）在高流量期间产生较高的农用化学品浓度和较低浓度的连续使用化合物（例如咖啡因）。本研究首次深入了解了斯瓦特河中的 CEC 浓度，进一步了解了喀布尔河的压力源，以及总体上对水生生物的污染物风险。环境毒理学化学2023；42：2599–2613。© 2023 作者。《环境毒理学和化学》由 Wiley periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。

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Reconnaissance Survey of Organic Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Kabul and Swat Rivers of Pakistan

The Swat and Kabul rivers of northern Pakistan are within an important regional watershed that supports river-based livelihoods and is impacted by untreated effluent discharges and municipal solid waste. Evidence indicates that fish populations are decreasing in these rivers. One potential cause of poor aquatic health is pollution; therefore, we investigated the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the river systems. Water samples were collected in the Kabul River (n = 9) and Swat River (n = 10) during seasons of high (summer 2018) and low (winter 2019) river flow. Agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, chemicals in personal care products, and hormones were quantified via liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. In the Swat River, caffeine (18–8452 ng/L), N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET; 16–56 ng/L), and plasticizers (13–7379 ng/L) were detected at all sites during both seasons, while butachlor (16–98 ng/L) was detected only during high flow. In the Kabul River, caffeine (12–2081 ng/L) and several plasticizers (91–722 ng/L) were detected at all sites during both seasons, while DEET (up to 97 ng/L) was detected only during high flow. During low flow, pharmaceuticals (analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were quantified in both rivers (up to 823 ng/L), with detection frequencies from 70% to 100% and 0% to 78% in the Swat and Kabul Rivers, respectively. Intermittent-use and natural seasonal processes (increased runoff and dilution from rainfall and snowmelt) yielded higher agrochemical concentrations and lower concentrations of continuous-use compounds (e.g., caffeine) during high flow. The present study provides the first insight into CEC concentrations in the Swat River, additional insight into the Kabul River stressors, and, overall, contaminant risks to aquatic life. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2599–2613. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

更新日期：2023-09-26

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