We report the preparation of NiSe₂@M (M = Cu, Fe, and Zn)–NiCo LDH catalysts with a porous structure composed of nanospheres loaded with nanosheets on a nickel foam substrate using a hydrothermal method. The designed NiSe₂@Fe–NiCo LDH catalysts exhibit excellent performance in both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline freshwater and seawater electrolytes. For OER, a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² is achieved with only a 260 mV overpotential, while for HER, 10 mA cm⁻² is attained with only a 130 mV overpotential. These catalysts maintain good stability in alkaline freshwater and seawater environments. Density functional theory (DFT) analyses indicate that the Fe–NiCo LDH electrode has the optimal Gibbs free energy, underscoring its catalytic role. The introduction of NiSe₂ enhances the electrical conductivity of the NiSe₂@Fe–NiCo LDH electrode. The synergistic catalysis of NiSe₂ and Fe–NiCo LDH contributes to the superior catalytic performance of the electrode. This work offers a novel approach to explore efficient and stable non-precious metal-doped catalysts for freshwater and seawater splitting.

我们报道了采用水热法在泡沫镍基底上制备了 NiSe ₂ @M（M = Cu、Fe 和 Zn）-NiCo LDH 催化剂，该催化剂具有由负载纳米片的纳米球组成的多孔结构。设计的NiSe ₂ @Fe-NiCo LDH催化剂在碱性淡水和海水电解质中的析氧反应（OER）和析氢反应（HER）中均表现出优异的性能。对于 OER，仅需要 260 mV 过电势即可实现10 mA cm ^-2的电流密度^{，而对于 HER，则需要 10 mA cm -2}只需 130 mV 的过电势即可实现。这些催化剂在碱性淡水和海水环境中保持良好的稳定性。密度泛函理论（DFT）分析表明，Fe-NiCo LDH 电极具有最佳吉布斯自由能，强调了其催化作用。_{NiSe 2}的引入增强了NiSe _{2 @Fe-NiCo LDH电极}的电导率。_{NiSe 2}和Fe-NiCo LDH的协同催化作用有助于提高电极的优异催化性能。这项工作为探索用于淡水和海水分解的高效稳定的非贵金属掺杂催化剂提供了一种新方法。