硝酸盐电合成氨催化剂的结构工程：最新进展和挑战,EES Catalysis

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硝酸盐电合成氨催化剂的结构工程：最新进展和挑战
EES Catalysis Pub Date : 2023-09-26 , DOI: 10.1039/d3ey00184a
Wenxi Qiu ₁ , Yuanting Liu ₁ , Minghao Xie ₂ , Zhaoyu Jin ₃ , Panpan Li ₁ , Guihua Yu ₂

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氨 (NH ₃ ) 是肥料生产和能源载体中不可或缺的工业化学品。然而，通过哈伯-博世工艺生产其需要高温高压，消耗大量能源并释放大量CO ₂，使其不可持续。因此，由可再生电力驱动的可持续氨合成方法受到了广泛关注，例如电催化N ₂还原反应（N ₂ RR）和硝酸盐还原反应（NitRR）。本综述总结了 NitRR 电催化剂设计策略的最新进展，重点介绍了掺杂、合金化、单原子工程、纳米限制、尺寸调节和串联催化等合成方法。这些策略旨在调节反应物和中间体的吸附或增强质子电子转移。未来的研究可以基于本综述中总结的策略探索新的高效 NitRR 电催化剂，以提高硝酸盐污染去除效率和氨生产率。此外，论文最后提出的具有挑战性的问题，例如优化NitRR的反应动力学和提高催化剂的选择性和稳定性，可以为未来的催化剂设计提供新的方向和见解。

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Structural engineering of catalysts for ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate: recent advances and challenges

Ammonia (NH₃) is an indispensable industrial chemical used in fertilizer production and energy carriers. However, its production through the Haber–Bosch process requires high temperature and high pressure, consuming significant energy and releasing large amounts of CO₂, rendering it unsustainable. As a result, sustainable approaches for ammonia synthesis powered by renewable electricity have gained significant attention, such as the electrocatalytic N₂ reduction reaction (N₂RR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR). This review summarizes recent advancements in the design strategies of electrocatalysts for the NitRR, highlighting synthetic methods such as doping, alloying, single-atom engineering, nanoconfinement, size-regulation, and tandem catalysis. These strategies aim to tune the adsorption of reactants and intermediates or enhance proton–electron transfer. Future studies could explore new electrocatalysts for efficient NitRR based on the strategies summarized in this review to improve nitrate pollution removal efficiency and ammonia production rates. Furthermore, the challenging questions raised at the end of the paper, such as optimizing the reaction kinetics of the NitRR and improving catalyst selectivity and stability, can provide new directions and insights for future catalyst design.

更新日期：2023-09-26

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