Microneedles (MNs) are microscopic needles that are applied to the skin in a minimally invasive way to facilitate transdermal drug delivery and/or uptake of interstitial fluid from the skin, which contains a variety of metabolites that can serve as biomarkers. The collection of interstitial fluid can be followed by post-sampling analysis or in situ real-time biosensing for disease diagnosis and drug monitoring. The painless and easy administration of MNs is appealing to patients, especially for long-term monitoring. In this Review, we discuss the use of MNs for biosensing purposes. We highlight the different types of MNs and sensing technologies used to develop MN-based biosensors. In addition, we discuss the potential to integrate MNs with wearable devices for real-time monitoring to improve point-of-care testing. Finally, we review the translational hurdles to be considered in bringing this technology from benchtop to bedside.

微针（MN）是以微创方式应用于皮肤的微型针，以促进透皮药物输送和/或从皮肤吸收间质液，其中含有多种可作为生物标志物的代谢物。组织液的收集可以进行采样后分析或原位实时生物传感，用于疾病诊断和药物监测。MN 的无痛且简便的给药方式对患者很有吸引力，特别是对于长期监测。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 MN 在生物传感中的应用。我们重点介绍不同类型的 MN 和用于开发基于 MN 的生物传感器的传感技术。此外，我们还讨论了将 MN 与可穿戴设备集成进行实时监控以改进即时检测的潜力。最后，