Since its start, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has helped advance both theory and experiment on the production and properties of the heaviest fundamental particle, the top quark. This review focuses on a selected set of measurements and associated searches for new physics, which have opened the door for unprecedented precision in this area of high-energy physics. Fundamental parameters of the theory such as mt, αS, Vtb, and ytare measured from top quark events with relative uncertainties that are smaller than 0.5%, 1.8%, 2%, and 10%, respectively, and that are expected to improve with more data, better experimental methods, and more accurate theory predictions. Several results, even if statistically limited, already significantly constrain the phase space of new physics: measurements of associated production with bosons, processes with four top quarks, and searches for rare decays, among others. It is expected that until the completion of the LHC program, top quark physics will keep providing unique insights regarding the consistency of the Standard Model and the energy scale of new physics.

中文翻译：

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大型强子对撞机中顶夸克的物理学：对未来道路的评估和展望


自成立以来，大型强子对撞机 （LHC） 一直在帮助推进关于最重的基本粒子（顶夸克）的产生和性质的理论和实验。这篇综述重点介绍了一组选定的测量和对新物理学的相关搜索，这些物理学为高能物理学领域的空前精度打开了大门。理论的基本参数，如 mt、αS、Vtb 和 ytare 从相对不确定性分别小于 0.5%、1.8%、2% 和 10% 的顶夸克事件中测得，并且预计会随着更多数据、更好的实验方法和更准确的理论预测而改进。一些结果，即使统计上有限，也已经极大地限制了新物理学的相空间：测量与玻色子相关的产生、使用四个顶级夸克的过程以及寻找稀有衰变等。预计在 LHC 计划完成之前，顶夸克物理学将继续提供有关标准模型的一致性和新物理学的能级的独特见解。