Live (not decayed) radioisotopes on the Earth and Moon are messengers from recent nearby astrophysical explosions. Measurements of 60Fe in deep-sea samples, Antarctic snow, and lunar regolith reveal two pulses about 3 Myr and 7 Myr ago. Detection of 244Pu in a deep-sea crust indicates a recent r-process event. We review the ultrasensitive accelerator mass spectrometry techniques that enable these findings. We then explore the implications for astrophysics, including supernova nucleosynthesis, particularly the r-process, as well as supernova dust production and the formation of the Local Bubble that envelops the Solar System. The implications go beyond nuclear physics and astrophysics to include studies of heliophysics, astrobiology, geology, and evolutionary biology.

中文翻译：

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来自附近天体物理爆炸的深海和月球放射性同位素


地球和月球上的活（未衰变）放射性同位素是最近附近天体物理爆炸的信使。对深海样本、南极积雪和月球风化层中 60Fe 的测量揭示了大约 3 Myr 和 7 Myr 前的两个脉冲。在深海地壳中检测到 244Pu 表明最近的 r 过程事件。我们回顾了实现这些发现的超灵敏加速器质谱技术。然后，我们探讨了对天体物理学的影响，包括超新星核合成，特别是 r 过程，以及超新星尘埃的产生和包裹太阳系的局部气泡的形成。其影响超越了核物理学和天体物理学，包括日光物理学、天体生物学、地质学和进化生物学的研究。