The paper proposes an account of the rational response to higher-order evidence whose key claim is that whenever we acquire such evidence we ought to engage in the inquiring activity of double-checking. Combined with a principle that establishes a connection between rational inquiry and rational belief retention, the account offers a novel explanation of the alleged impermissibility of retaining one's belief in the face of higher-order evidence. It is argued that this explanation is superior to the main competitor view which appeals to the notion of defeat.

中文翻译：

---

高阶证据和复核义务

本文提出了对高阶证据的理性反应的解释，其主要主张是，每当我们获得此类证据时，我们都应该进行双重检查的探究活动。结合在理性探究和理性信念保留之间建立联系的原则，该叙述对所谓的在高阶证据面前不允许保留自己的信念提供了一种新颖的解释。有人认为，这种解释优于主要竞争对手诉诸失败概念的观点。