The dendrite growth on the surface of zinc anodes and formation of inactive by-products of Zn₄(OH)₆SO₄^.xH₂O (ZHS), mainly attributed to the “tip effect” of an uneven surface and water corrosion of zinc anode, have seriously shrunk the anode life and hindered the commercialization of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, we describe a bifunctional interface constructed by zwitterionic surfactant of N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (Z10), which can form a polarized layer with a build-in electric field at the same time as the self-assembled hydrophobic layer on the zinc electrode surface. Two other zwitterionic surfactants including of N-octyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (Z8) and N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (Z14) are also selected, due to the different alkyl chain lengths affect the strength of the built-in electric field and the formation of hydrophobic interfaces. A combined results of experimental data with simulated calculations calculations confirm that the strength of the electric field obtained with Z10 attenuates the “tip effect” on the zinc anode surface, while accelerating the transfer of zinc ions and promoting rapid and uniform zinc plating/stripping processes. And benefited from the hydrophobic layer, the free water molecules are blocked outside the inner Helmholtz plane, lead to the suppressed ZHS formation. With the dual protection, in case of Z10, the cycle stability of the AZIBs is considerably improved to yield a long cycle lifetime of 2000 h with a coulombic efficiency of 99.4 %.

锌阳极表面枝晶生长并形成惰性副产物Zn ₄ (OH) ₆ SO ₄ ^。xH _{2 O（ZHS）主要归因于锌阳极表面不均匀的“尖端效应”和水腐蚀，严重缩短了阳极寿命并阻碍了}水系锌离子电池（AZIBs）的商业化。在此，我们描述了由N-癸基-N,N的两性离子表面活性剂构建的双功能界面-二甲基-3-氨基-1-丙磺酸盐（Z10），可在锌电极表面形成自组装疏水层的同时形成具有内建电场的极化层。还选择了另外两种两性离子表面活性剂，包括N-辛基-N,N-二甲基-3-铵基-1-丙磺酸盐(Z8)和N-十四烷基-N,N-二甲基-3-铵基-1-丙磺酸盐(Z14) ，由于烷基链长度不同影响强度内置电场和疏水界面的形成。实验数据与模拟计算的结合结果证实，Z10获得的电场强度减弱了锌阳极表面的“尖端效应”，同时加速了锌离子的转移，促进快速均匀的镀锌/退镀过程。并且得益于疏水层，自由水分子被阻挡在亥姆霍兹内平面之外，导致ZHS的形成受到抑制。通过双重保护，Z10 的循环稳定性显着提高，可实现 2000 小时的长循环寿命和 99.4% 的库伦效率。