Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an abundant neurotransmitter in the lungs and other organs. Its discovery dates back to 1970. And VIP gains attention again due to the potential application in COVID-19 after a research wave in the 1980s and 1990s. The diverse biological impacts of VIP extend beyond its usage in COVID-19 treatment, encompassing its involvement in various pulmonary and systemic disorders. This review centers on the function of VIP in various lung diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung tumors. This review also outlines two main limitations of VIP as a potential medication and gathers information on extended-release formulations and VIP analogues.

血管活性肠肽（VIP）是肺部和其他器官中丰富的神经递质。它的发现可以追溯到 1970 年。经过 20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代的研究浪潮后，VIP 由于在 COVID-19 中的潜在应用而再次受到关注。VIP 的多种生物学影响超出了其在 COVID-19 治疗中的用途，还涉及各种肺部和全身性疾病。本综述重点关注 VIP 在各种肺部疾病中的作用，如肺动脉高压、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、囊性纤维化、急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征、肺纤维化和肺部肿瘤。本综述还概述了 VIP 作为潜在药物的两个主要局限性，并收集了有关缓释制剂和 VIP 类似物的信息。