Using renewable electricity to electrochemically convert CO₂ into value-added chemicals and fuels is a promising way to curb anthropogenic carbon emissions. In past years, exciting achievements have been witnessed on the robust and selective electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction, via either the delicate design of electrocatalytic materials or the local reaction environment engineering toward a practical system integration. In this perspective, we overview recent advances of extrinsic reaction environment effects in promoting CO₂-to-C₂₊ conversion from three spatial aspects: (1) the chemical and physical surface modification, (2) the electrolyte composition and adjoint concentration gradient for both cations and anions, and (3) the mass transport regulation. Prevailing hypotheses, together with experimental and/or theoretical progress, have been critically assessed along with a deepened mechanism understanding of those extrinsic tuning knobs. Finally, challenges and future opportunities for more efficient C₂₊ production are provided in terms of fundamental interface engineering and technical electrolyzer implementation.

利用可再生电力将CO _{2电化学转化}为增值化学品和燃料是遏制人为碳排放的一种有前景的方法。_{在过去的几年中，通过电催化材料的精细设计或针对实际系统集成的局部反应环境工程，在稳健且选择性的电化学CO 2}还原反应方面取得了令人兴奋的成就。从这个角度来看，我们概述了外在反应环境效应促进CO ₂ -to-C _{2+的最新进展}从三个空间方面进行转换：（1）化学和物理表面改性，（2）电解质组成和阳离子和阴离子的伴随浓度梯度，以及（3）传质调节。流行的假设以及实验和/或理论进展都经过严格评估，同时加深了对这些外在调谐旋钮的机制理解。最后，在基本界面工程和技术电解槽实施方面提供了更高效的 C _{2+生产的挑战和未来机遇。}