微塑料通过富集表面生物膜中的抗生素抗性细菌并促进垂直和水平基因转移来提高厌氧污泥消化中抗生素抗性基因的流行率,Environmental Science & Technology

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微塑料通过富集表面生物膜中的抗生素抗性细菌并促进垂直和水平基因转移来提高厌氧污泥消化中抗生素抗性基因的流行率
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02815
Tianyi Luo ₁ , Xiaohu Dai ₁ , Wei Wei ₂ , Qiuxiang Xu ₁ , Bing-Jie Ni _{2,

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Affiliation

抗生素抗性基因（ARG）和微塑料（MP）被认为是新兴污染物和对全球人类健康的威胁。尽管它们都在其“热点”，即废弃活性污泥（WAS）中被显着检测到，但关于MP如何影响厌氧污泥消化中的ARG和抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）的研究却很少。在此，ARG 和 ARB 暴露于三种剂量（10、30 和 80 颗粒/g-TS）、三种聚合物类型（LDPE、PET 和 PS）和三种支化程度（LDPE、LLDPE、和HDPE）在厌氧污泥消化中的应用进行了研究。宏基因组结果表明，与对照相比，MP 的所有变体都会导致消化器中 ARG 的相对丰度增加。ARG 的丰度在 10 至 80 个颗粒/g-TS 范围内表现出剂量依赖性关系，导致与对照相比从 4.5% 增加至 27.9%。支化结构和聚合物类型也会影响污泥消化器中的 ARG 水平。机理研究表明，LDPE选择性地富集表面生物膜中潜在的ARB和ARG，可能为ARB增殖和ARG交换创造有利的环境。此外，LDPE 通过增加细菌细胞增殖并增强相关功能基因，促进 ARG 的垂直转移。移动遗传元件 (MGE) 和携带 ARG 的质粒丰度的增加也表明 80 颗粒/g-TS 的 LDPE 促进了 MGE 介导的水平转移。氧化应激、细胞膜通透性和细胞凝聚力的增加加剧了这种效应，共同促进了 ARG 的水平转移。因此，厌氧污泥消化池中的 LDPE 可以同时促进 ARG 的垂直和水平转移。

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Microplastics Enhance the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Anaerobic Sludge Digestion by Enriching Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Surface Biofilm and Facilitating the Vertical and Horizontal Gene Transfer

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microplastics (MPs) are recognized as emerging contaminants and threats to global human health. Despite both of them being significantly detected in their “hotspots”, i.e., waste activated sludge (WAS), rare studies on how MPs affect ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in anaerobic sludge digestion are available. Herein, the fate of ARGs and ARB after exposure to MPs of three dosages (10, 30, and 80 particles/g-TS), three polymer types (LDPE, PET, and PS), and three branching extents (LDPE, LLDPE, and HDPE) in anaerobic sludge digestion was investigated. Metagenomic results indicated that all variants of MPs resulted in an increase of the relative abundance of ARGs in the digester compared to the control. The abundance of ARGs demonstrated a dosage-dependent relationship within the range from 10 to 80 particles/g-TS, resulting in an increase from 4.5 to 27.9% compared to the control. Branching structure and polymer type influence ARG level in the sludge digester as well. Mechanism studies revealed that LDPE selectively enriched potential ARB and ARGs in the surface biofilm, possibly creating a favorable environment for ARB proliferation and ARG exchange. Furthermore, vertical transfer of ARGs was facilitated by LDPE through increasing bacterial cell proliferation accompanied by the enhancement of relevant functional genes. The elevated abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and ARGs-carrying plasmids also demonstrated that MGE-mediated horizontal transfer was promoted by LDPE at 80 particles/g-TS. This effect was compounded by increased oxidative stress, cell membrane permeability, and cell cohesion, collectively facilitating horizontal ARG transfer. Consequently, both vertical and horizontal transfer of ARGs could be concurrently promoted by LDPE an in anaerobic sludge digester.

更新日期：2023-09-21

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