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l-α-Phosphatidylglycerol Chlorohydrins as Potential Biomarkers for Chlorine Gas Exposure
Analytical Chemistry ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2016-10-06 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01896 Petrus Hemström 1 , Andreas Larsson 1 , Linda Elfsmark 1 , Crister Åstot 1
Analytical Chemistry ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2016-10-06 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01896 Petrus Hemström 1 , Andreas Larsson 1 , Linda Elfsmark 1 , Crister Åstot 1
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Chlorine is a widely available toxic chemical that has been repeatedly used in armed conflict globally. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) have on numerous occasions found “compelling confirmation” that chlorine gas has been used against civilians in northern Syria. However, currently, there are no analytical methods available to unambiguously prove chlorine gas exposure. In this study, we describe the screening for chlorinated biomolecules by the use of mass isotope ratio filters followed by the identification of two biomarkers present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from chlorine gas exposed mice. The relevance of these markers for human exposure was verified by their presence in in vitro chlorinated human BALF. The biomarkers were detectable for 72 h after exposure and were absent in nonexposed control animals. Furthermore, the biomarkers were not detected in humans diagnosed with chronic respiratory diseases. The potential chlorine specific markers were all chlorohydrins of unsaturated pulmonary surfactant phospholipids; phosphatidylglycerols, and phosphatidylcholines. Mass spectrometry fragmentation characteristics were favorable for the phosphatidylglycerol chlorohydrins, and they were therefore proposed as the best biomarker candidates.
中文翻译：
l-α-磷脂酰甘油氯醇作为氯气暴露的潜在生物标志物
氯是一种广泛使用的有毒化学物质，已在全球范围的武装冲突中反复使用。禁止化学武器组织（OPCW）在许多场合都发现“令人信服的证实”，即在叙利亚北部，氯气已被用来对付平民。但是，目前尚无分析方法可以明确证明暴露于氯气中。在这项研究中，我们描述了通过使用质量同位素比率过滤器，然后从暴露于氯气的小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中鉴定出的两种生物标记物，来筛选氯化生物分子。这些标记物与人暴露的相关性通过它们在体外氯化人BALF中的存在来验证。暴露后72小时可检测到生物标志物，未暴露的对照动物中不存在。此外，在被诊断患有慢性呼吸系统疾病的人类中未检测到生物标志物。潜在的氯特异性标志物是不饱和肺表面活性剂磷脂的所有氯醇；磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰胆碱。质谱碎裂特征对于磷脂酰甘油氯醇是有利的，因此被提议为最佳的生物标志物候选物。
更新日期：2016-10-06
中文翻译：
l-α-磷脂酰甘油氯醇作为氯气暴露的潜在生物标志物
氯是一种广泛使用的有毒化学物质，已在全球范围的武装冲突中反复使用。禁止化学武器组织（OPCW）在许多场合都发现“令人信服的证实”，即在叙利亚北部，氯气已被用来对付平民。但是，目前尚无分析方法可以明确证明暴露于氯气中。在这项研究中，我们描述了通过使用质量同位素比率过滤器，然后从暴露于氯气的小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中鉴定出的两种生物标记物，来筛选氯化生物分子。这些标记物与人暴露的相关性通过它们在体外氯化人BALF中的存在来验证。暴露后72小时可检测到生物标志物，未暴露的对照动物中不存在。此外，在被诊断患有慢性呼吸系统疾病的人类中未检测到生物标志物。潜在的氯特异性标志物是不饱和肺表面活性剂磷脂的所有氯醇；磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰胆碱。质谱碎裂特征对于磷脂酰甘油氯醇是有利的，因此被提议为最佳的生物标志物候选物。
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