Determining the psychological, computational, and neural bases of confidence and uncertainty holds promise for understanding foundational aspects of human metacognition. While a neuroscience of confidence has focused on the mechanisms underpinning subpersonal phenomena such as representations of uncertainty in the visual or motor system, metacognition research has been concerned with personal-level beliefs and knowledge about self-performance. I provide a road map for bridging this divide by focusing on a particular class of confidence computation: propositional confidence in one's own (hypothetical) decisions or actions. Propositional confidence is informed by the observer's models of the world and their cognitive system, which may be more or less accurate—thus explaining why metacognitive judgments are inferential and sometimes diverge from task performance. Disparate findings on the neural basis of uncertainty and performance monitoring are integrated into a common framework, and a new understanding of the locus of action of metacognitive interventions is developed.

中文翻译：

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元认知与置信度：回顾与综合


确定置信度和不确定性的心理、计算和神经基础有望理解人类元认知的基础方面。虽然信心的神经科学侧重于支撑亚个人现象的机制，例如视觉或运动系统中不确定性的表征，但元认知研究一直关注个人层面的信念和关于自我表现的知识。我提供了一个路线图，通过专注于一类特定的置信度计算来弥合这一鸿沟：对自己（假设的）决定或行动的命题置信度。命题置信度由观察者对世界及其认知系统的模型提供信息，这些模型可能或多或少准确——从而解释了为什么元认知判断是推理性的，有时与任务表现不同。将不确定性的神经基础和性能监测的不同发现整合到一个通用框架中，并对元认知干预的作用轨迹有了新的理解。