Electrochromic devices (ECDs) have been extensively investigated as promising candidates in broad cutting-edge applications, such as smart windows, electronic labels, adaptive camouflage, etc. However, they have suffered from either inadequate color variations or poor cycling stability for a long time. Herein, we developed a general strategy to boost the cyclic stability and enrich the color variations of ECDs by scrupulous design of the composition and nanostructure of electrodes, in which porous tin oxide (SnO₂) nanosheets serve as the scaffold and typical metal oxides or conducting polymers as the active electrochromic materials. Various electrochromic composite materials, including polyaniline (PANI)@SnO₂, V₂O₅@SnO₂, and WO₃@SnO₂ heterostructured nanoarrays were prepared by the facile wet-chemical method. These composite electrodes exhibit remarkable electrochromic performances, e.g., superior cycling stability (more than 2000 cycles), rich color variations (more than 5 colors for PANI@SnO₂), and enlarged optical modulation. These excellent performances account for the heterogenous porous nanoarrays, which not only facilitate the intercalation/extraction of ions but also relieve the stress generated during the electrochemical process. In addition, diverse prototypes of complementary multicolor ECD with excellent cycling stability (over thousands of cycles) and rich color variations (8 colors) were realized for the first time. We believe that our work put forward a general strategy for developing high-quality multicolor complementary electrochromic devices.

电致变色器件（ECD）作为广泛前沿应用的有希望的候选者已被广泛研究，例如智能窗户、电子标签、自适应伪装等。然而，它们长期以来一直受到颜色变化不足或循环稳定性差的困扰。在此，我们制定了一个总体策略，通过精心设计电极的成分和纳米结构来提高 ECD 的循环稳定性并丰富 ECD 的颜色变化，其中多孔氧化锡（SnO 2 ）纳米片作为支架，典型的金属氧化物或_导电材料聚合物作为活性电致变色材料。各种电致变色复合材料，包括聚苯胺(PANI)@SnO ₂、V ₂ O ₅ @SnO ₂通过简便的湿化学方法制备了WO ₃ @SnO _{2异质结构纳米阵列。这些复合电极表现出卓越的电致变色性能，例如优异的循环稳定性（超过2000次循环）、丰富的颜色变化（PANI@SnO 2}超过5种颜色）），以及放大的光调制。这些优异的性能说明了异质多孔纳米阵列不仅有利于离子的嵌入/提取，而且还可以缓解电化学过程中产生的应力。此外，首次实现了具有出色的循环稳定性（超过数千次循环）和丰富的颜色变化（8种颜色）的互补多色ECD的多种原型。我们相信，我们的工作提出了开发高质量多色互补电致变色器件的总体策略。