Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are diversiform biopolyesters with a similar structure and different side chain groups, synthesized by a variety of microorganism. Due to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility, PHAs have been used for many applications, including medical implants, antibacterial agents and bioengineering. Nano-architecture is an emerging area for the use of PHAs. This review summarizes the current status and challenges of PHAs-based particles on the micro- and nano-scale, including their production, degradation, biological safety, and surface functionalization. We also focus on the applications of PHA particles in drug delivery systems, environment protection, tissue engineering, vaccine engineering, food science, biotechnology and cosmetics. Finally, the future development trends of PHAs-based particles are prospected.

聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）是由多种微生物合成的具有相似结构和不同侧链基团的多样化生物聚酯。由于其优异的生物降解性和生物相容性，PHAs 已被用于许多应用，包括医疗植入物、抗菌剂和生物工程。纳米结构是 PHA 使用的一个新兴领域。本综述总结了微米级和纳米级 PHA 颗粒的现状和挑战，包括其生产、降解、生物安全性和表面功能化。我们还专注于PHA颗粒在药物递送系统、环境保护、组织工程、疫苗工程、食品科学、生物技术和化妆品中的应用。最后对PHAs基颗粒的未来发展趋势进行了展望。