Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and sulfation on the negative plate are main problems hindering the operation of lead-carbon batteries under high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC). Here, reduced graphene oxide nanosheets modified with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄@rGO) were prepared and used as additives in an attempt to solve the above bottleneck. Galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) curves show that immobilization g-C₃N₄ on rGO surface can extend the lower limit of working potential of rGO from −0.3 to −0.9 V, which better matches the working potential range of Pb/PbSO₄ redox pair. Theoretical calculations and correlation analyses show that HER can be linked to electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) through two micro kinetic processes: namely, the desorption process of H⁺ from additive and the migration process of e⁻ reaching additive surface, and that g-C₃N₄ modification strategy can suppress the HER on the rGO surface while increasing the capacitance of EDLCs. Meanwhile, potential-matched g-C₃N₄@rGO (θ = 35.76°) is more hydrophilic than pure rGO (118.20°), so the use of g-C₃N₄@rGO as a battery additive can eliminate sulfation of the negative plate by promoting electrolyte penetration and increasing capacitance contribution. Therefore, the electrochemical performance of g-C₃N₄@rGO-modified batteries showed a significant improvement over their counterparts, indicating this work is a good attempt.

析氢反应（HER）和负极板硫酸盐化是阻碍铅碳电池在高倍率部分充电状态（HRPSoC）下运行的主要问题。在此，制备了用石墨氮化碳（gC ₃ N ₄ @rGO）改性的还原氧化石墨烯纳米片并将其用作添加剂，试图解决上述瓶颈。恒电流充放电（GCD）曲线表明，在rGO表面固定gC ₃ N ₄可以将rGO的工作电位下限从-0.3 V扩展至-0.9 V，更好地匹配Pb/PbSO _{4的工作电位范围}氧化还原对。^{理论计算和相关分析表明，HER可以通过两个微动力学过程与双电层电容器（EDLC）连接：即H +}从添加剂中的解吸过程和e ^-到达添加剂表面的迁移过程，并且gC ₃ N ₄修饰策略可以抑制rGO表面的HER，同时增加EDLC的电容。同时，电位匹配的gC ₃ N ₄ @rGO (θ = 35.76°)比纯rGO (118.20°)更亲水，因此使用gC ₃ N ₄@rGO作为电池添加剂可以通过促进电解质渗透和增加电容贡献来消除负极板的硫酸盐化。_{因此，gC 3} N ₄ @rGO修饰电池的电化学性能较同类电池有显着改善，表明这项工作是一个很好的尝试。