Crime creates demand for insurance but supplying insurance may promote crime. We examine five case studies of insured crimes (auto theft, art theft, kidnap and hijack for ransom, ransomware, and payment card fraud) and find a co-evolutionary process through which insurers engage with insureds, governments, and legal and extralegal third parties to mitigate losses, particularly when criminal innovations destabilize the insurance market. “Insurance as crime governance” stimulates demand for security, shapes criminal incentives, engages with the state to combat crime, and tolerates some crime in the interest of profitability.

中文翻译：

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犯罪如何影响保险以及保险如何影响犯罪

犯罪创造了对保险的需求，但提供保险可能会促进犯罪。我们研究了五个受保犯罪（汽车盗窃、艺术品盗窃、绑架和劫持勒索、勒索软件和支付卡欺诈）的案例研究，并发现保险公司与被保险人、政府以及法律和法外第三方互动的共同进化过程减少损失，特别是当犯罪创新破坏保险市场稳定时。“保险作为犯罪治理”刺激了安全需求，塑造了犯罪激励，与国家合作打击犯罪，并为了盈利而容忍某些犯罪。