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Tuning the emission and exciton utilization mechanisms of pyrazine-based multi-carbazole emitters and their use in organic light-emitting diodes
Journal of Materials Chemistry C ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 , DOI: 10.1039/d3tc02463f
Dongyang Chen 1, 2 , Le Zhang 1, 3 , Tomas Matulaitis 1 , David B. Cordes 1 , Alexandra M. Z. Slawin 1 , Xiao-Hong Zhang 2 , Ifor D. W. Samuel 3 , Eli Zysman-Colman 1
Journal of Materials Chemistry C ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 , DOI: 10.1039/d3tc02463f
Dongyang Chen 1, 2 , Le Zhang 1, 3 , Tomas Matulaitis 1 , David B. Cordes 1 , Alexandra M. Z. Slawin 1 , Xiao-Hong Zhang 2 , Ifor D. W. Samuel 3 , Eli Zysman-Colman 1
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Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and hot excitons are two distinct exciton harvesting mechanisms that can lead to 100% internal quantum efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, we show that with judicious molecular engineering, the resulting structurally similar compounds emit via distinct photophysical mechanisms, which has a direct consequence on the OLED efficiency. When the pyrazine core is substituted with four carbazoles, the molecule 4CzPyz shows TADF in doped PPT film, with ΦPL of 75%, ΔEST of 0.23 eV and τd of 150 μs. The device based on 4CzPyz emits in the sky-blue (λEL = 486 nm) with an EQEmax of 24.1%. When one carbazole is replaced by an ortho-biphenyl, the ΔEST of 3CzBPz increases to 0.29 eV, the ΦPL decreases to 56%, and the TADF character is largely suppressed in the PPT film. However, a RISC process between higher-lying triplet excited states and the S1 state is hypothesized to be operational, supported by a combined photophysical and DFT study, to rationalize how the device with 3CzBPz shows an EQEmax of 9.6% (λEL = 464 nm), reflecting that greater than 86% of the excitons are converted into light in the OLED. When two ortho-biphenyl groups are connected to the pyrazine core, the ΔEST of 2CzBPz is further increased to 0.34 eV while the ΦPL is reduced to 45% in the PPT film. The DFT and photophysical studies indicate that 2CzBPz should act as a traditional blue fluorescence emitter. The OLED devices with 2CzBPz bear this out and exhibit an EQEmax 3.2% at a λEL of 446 nm. These results show how subtle structural changes modulate the efficiency of the triplet exciton harvesting mechanisms and provide new design directions for highly efficient blue emitters for OLEDs.
中文翻译:
调整吡嗪基多咔唑发射体的发射和激子利用机制及其在有机发光二极管中的应用
热激活延迟荧光 (TADF) 和热激子是两种不同的激子收集机制,可以使有机发光二极管 (OLED) 实现 100% 的内量子效率。在此,我们表明,通过明智的分子工程,所得结构相似的化合物通过不同的光物理机制发光,这对 OLED 效率有直接影响。当吡嗪核被四个咔唑取代时,4CzPyz分子在掺杂PPT薄膜中呈现TADF,Φ PL为75%,Δ E ST为0.23 eV,τ d为150 μs。基于4CzPyz的器件发射天蓝色 ( λ EL= 486 nm),EQE最大值为 24.1%。当1个咔唑被邻联苯取代时, 3CzBPz的ΔE ST增加至0.29 eV,Φ PL降低至56%,并且PPT薄膜中的TADF特性被很大程度上抑制。然而,在光物理和 DFT 综合研究的支持下,假设较高位三重激发态和 S 1态之间的 RISC 过程是可操作的,以合理化具有3CzBPz的器件如何显示 9.6% 的 EQE最大值( λ EL = 464 nm),表明超过 86% 的激子在 OLED 中转化为光。当两个由于邻联苯基团与吡嗪核相连, PPT薄膜中2CzBPz的ΔE ST进一步增加至0.34 eV,而Φ PL减少至45%。DFT 和光物理研究表明2CzBPz应充当传统的蓝色荧光发射体。具有2CzBPz的OLED 器件证实了这一点,并且在446 nm 的EL处表现出最大EQE 3.2% 。这些结果表明,微妙的结构变化如何调节三线态激子收集机制的效率,并为 OLED 的高效蓝色发射器提供新的设计方向。
更新日期:2023-09-06
中文翻译:

调整吡嗪基多咔唑发射体的发射和激子利用机制及其在有机发光二极管中的应用
热激活延迟荧光 (TADF) 和热激子是两种不同的激子收集机制,可以使有机发光二极管 (OLED) 实现 100% 的内量子效率。在此,我们表明,通过明智的分子工程,所得结构相似的化合物通过不同的光物理机制发光,这对 OLED 效率有直接影响。当吡嗪核被四个咔唑取代时,4CzPyz分子在掺杂PPT薄膜中呈现TADF,Φ PL为75%,Δ E ST为0.23 eV,τ d为150 μs。基于4CzPyz的器件发射天蓝色 ( λ EL= 486 nm),EQE最大值为 24.1%。当1个咔唑被邻联苯取代时, 3CzBPz的ΔE ST增加至0.29 eV,Φ PL降低至56%,并且PPT薄膜中的TADF特性被很大程度上抑制。然而,在光物理和 DFT 综合研究的支持下,假设较高位三重激发态和 S 1态之间的 RISC 过程是可操作的,以合理化具有3CzBPz的器件如何显示 9.6% 的 EQE最大值( λ EL = 464 nm),表明超过 86% 的激子在 OLED 中转化为光。当两个由于邻联苯基团与吡嗪核相连, PPT薄膜中2CzBPz的ΔE ST进一步增加至0.34 eV,而Φ PL减少至45%。DFT 和光物理研究表明2CzBPz应充当传统的蓝色荧光发射体。具有2CzBPz的OLED 器件证实了这一点,并且在446 nm 的EL处表现出最大EQE 3.2% 。这些结果表明,微妙的结构变化如何调节三线态激子收集机制的效率,并为 OLED 的高效蓝色发射器提供新的设计方向。