We study the influences of the annealing temperatures on the ferroelectric and electromechanical (EM) responses of the relaxor poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene- fluorinated alkyne) (PVDF-TrFE-CFE-FA) tetrapolymer. The results show that only within a narrow annealing temperature window (<10 °C) around 120 °C, the tetrapolymer exhibits a pure relaxor phase and displays the highest EM response. Films annealed outside of this narrow temperature window contain a small amount of local polar-phase mixed with the relaxor phase. These results reveal that the tetrapolymer composition in the study is near a critical transition region between polar (ferroelectric) and non-polar (relaxor) chain condensed state which has vanishingly small energy barriers between different chain condensed state, thus a small electric field generates a large EM response. The films annealed outside of the narrow temperature window have a broad energy landscape that includes both non-polar and polar chain condensed state. Hence, small changes in annealing temperature result in different ferroelectric and electromechanical responses.

我们研究了退火温度对弛豫聚（偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯-氯氟乙烯-氟化炔）（PVDF-TrFE-CFE-FA）四聚物的铁电和机电（EM）响应的影响。结果表明，只有在 120 °C 左右的窄退火温度窗口（<10 °C）内，四聚物才会表现出纯弛豫相并表现出最高的电磁响应。在这个狭窄的温度窗口之外退火的薄膜含有少量与弛豫相混合的局部极性相。这些结果表明四聚物研究中的成分接近极性（铁电）和非极性（弛豫）链凝聚态之间的关键过渡区域，不同链凝聚态之间的能垒非常小，因此小电场会产生大的电磁响应。在窄温度窗口外退火的薄膜具有广泛的能量景观，包括非极性和极性链凝聚态。因此，退火温度的微小变化会导致不同的铁电和机电响应。